LIQUID APPLICATION APPLIANCE FOR APPLYING LIQUID TO A SOIL ADJACENT TO A DITCH

专利摘要:
systems, methods and apparatus for application of agricultural liquid. The present invention relates to systems, methods and apparatus for monitoring soil properties and applying fertilizer during a planting operation. various sensors are arranged on the ground fitting components to monitor soil properties. Liquid delivery systems are provided to inject liquid into the soil adjacent to the seed planting pit formed by the planting line unit pitting assembly.
公开号:BR112017026946B1
申请号:R112017026946-5
申请日:2016-06-15
公开日:2021-08-31
发明作者:Kent Levy；Ian Radtke；Tracy Leman
申请人:Precision Planting Llc；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

BACKGROUND
[0001] In recent years, the availability of geographically located advanced agricultural application and measurement systems (used in so-called "precision farming" practices) has increased the farmer's interest in determining spatial variations of soil properties, by diversifying input application variants (eg planting depth) and fertilizer and other liquid applications in light of such variations and at the appropriate location during the planting operation. However, available mechanisms for measuring soil properties are not geographically effective across the entire field or are not used at the same time as an insertion operation (eg planting). Additionally, commercial solutions for applying liquid have included applying liquid on top of the seeds in the planting hole, which can have detrimental effects such as "burning" (i.e., overfertilizing) of the seed. Other liquid application solutions have included opening a separate pit in the soil surface (arranged between the planting pits made by the agricultural line unit) and depositing liquid in the separate vertical pit, which can result in underutilization of the fertilizer applied.
[0002] Thus, there is a need in the art for a method to monitor soil properties during an agricultural input application and to efficiently apply liquid during the planting operation. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0003] Figure 1 is a top view of a modality of an agricultural planter.
[0004] Figure 2 is a side elevation view of a modality of a row planter unit.
[0005] Figure 3 schematically illustrates a modality of a soil monitoring system.
[0006] Figure 4A is a side elevation view of a modality of a seed firmer that has a plurality of sensors mounted on the firmer showing the firmer mounted on an agricultural row unit and disposed in the seed hole.
[0007] Figure 4B is a top plan view of the seed firm of figure 4A.
[0008] Figure 4C is a rear elevation view of the seed firmer of figure 4A.
[0009] Figure 5 is a side elevation view of another modality of a seed firmer that has a plurality of sensors mounted on the firmer.
[00010] Figure 6 is a sectional view along section D-D of figure 5.
[00011] Figure 7 is a sectional view along section E-E of figure 5.
[00012] Figure 8 is a sectional view along section F-F of figure 5.
[00013] Figure 9 is a sectional view along section G-G of figure 5.
[00014] Figure 10 is a partially cut away side view of the seed firmer of figure 5.
[00015] Figure 11 is a view along direction A of figure 10.
[00016] Figure 12 is a view along section B-B of figure 10.
[00017] Figure 13 is a view along section C-C of figure 10.
[00018] Figure 14 is an enlarged partially cut-away view of the seed firmer of figure 5.
[00019] Figure 15 is a rear view of another embodiment of a seed firmer shown in the seed pit.
[00020] Figure 16 is a rear view of another embodiment of a seed firmer shown in the seed pit.
[00021] Figure 17 is a graph of a reflectivity sensor signal.
[00022] Figure 18 is a side elevation view of an embodiment of a reference sensor.
[00023] Figure 19A is a side elevation view of an embodiment of an instrumented seed firmer that incorporates a light transmitting fiber optic cable to a reflectivity sensor.
[00024] Figure 19B is a side elevation view of an embodiment of an instrumented seed firmer that incorporates a light transmitting fiber optic cable to a spectrometer.
[00025] Figures 20A-20B illustrate embodiments of a ground data display screen.
[00026] Figures 21A-21B illustrate embodiments of a spatial map screen.
[00027] Figure 22 illustrates an embodiment of a screen for displaying data on seed planting.
[00028] Figure 23 is a side elevation view of another modality of a reference sensor that has an instrumented scarifier.
[00029] Figure 24 is a front elevation view of the reference sensor of figure 23.
[00030] Figure 25 is a side elevation view of another embodiment of a seed firmer.
[00031] Figure 26 is a side cross-sectional view of the seed firmer of figure 25.
[00032] Figure 27 is a side elevation view of a seed firmer that has pit-fit transverse extrusions.
[00033] Figure 28 is a rear view of the seed firm of figure 27.
[00034] Figure 29 is a side elevation view of a remote pit feature detection system.
[00035] Figure 30 is a side elevation view of another embodiment of a seed firmer mounted on a mounting bracket.
[00036] Figure 31 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a seed firmer.
[00037] Figure 32 is a side elevation view of the seed firm of Figure 31 with a flank body and tubing removed.
[00038] Figure 33 is a side elevation view of the seed firmer of figure 31.
[00039] Figure 34 is a perspective view of a flank body and a tubing of the seed firmer of figure 31.
[00040] Figure 35 is a rear elevation view of the seed firmer of figure 31.
[00041] Figure 36 is a cross-sectional view of the seed firm of figure 31 along cross-section A-A of figure 33.
[00042] Figure 37 schematically illustrates another modality of a soil monitoring system.
[00043] Figure 38 is a side view of an embodiment of a seed firmer and schematically illustrates an application control system.
[00044] Figure 39 is a partial top plan view of the seed firmer of Figure 38.
[00045] Figure 40 is a side elevation view of a liquid application assembly modality.
[00046] Figure 41 is a front elevation view of the liquid application assembly of figure 40.
[00047] Figure 42 is a side elevation view of the liquid application assembly of Figure 40 with a side pit opener removed.
[00048] Figure 43 is a side elevation view of another embodiment of a liquid application assembly.
[00049] Figure 44 is a side elevation view of an embodiment of a liquid application assembly in cooperation with a sub-frame of the agricultural line unit.
[00050] Figure 45 is a side elevation view of the liquid application assembly of Figure 44 with certain components removed and/or not shown for clarity.
[00051] Figure 46 is a perspective view of the liquid application assembly of Figure 44 with certain components removed and/or not shown for clarity, and with a flank body thereof shown in phantom lines.
[00052] Figure 47 schematically illustrates an embodiment of a liquid control system.
[00053] Figure 48 is a side elevation view of a flow balance valve in fluid communication with the first liquid inlet and the second liquid inlet.
[00054] Figure 49 is a perspective view of the pipe showing the liquid passages through it.
[00055] Figure 50A is a perspective view of an embodiment of an elastomeric self-opening valve.
[00056] Figures 50B-50C are cross-sectional views of piping along cross-section X-X of figure 49 showing another embodiment of an automatic opening valve.
[00057] Figure 51 illustrates an embodiment of an image capture apparatus for an agricultural line unit.
[00058] Figure 52 illustrates an embodiment of a graphic screen that shows an image captured by the image capture apparatus of figure 51.
[00059] Figure 53 illustrates an embodiment of a line image selection process.
[00060] Figure 54A is a left side perspective view of one embodiment of an adjacent pit liquid delivery system.
[00061] Figure 54B is a front perspective view of the adjacent pit liquid distribution system of Figure 54A.
[00062] Fig. 54C is a side elevation view of the adjacent pit liquid dispensing system of Fig. 54A.
[00063] Figure 54D is a side elevation view of the adjacent pit liquid distribution system of Figure 54A arranged at a rearward angle in the opposite direction to the direction of travel.
[00064] Figure 54E is a side elevation view of another embodiment of the liquid distribution system in an adjacent pit that has a steeply curved element extending downwards.
[00065] Figure 55A is a rear perspective view of another embodiment of an adjacent pit liquid delivery system, in which the knife is formed integrally with the liquid delivery tube.
[00066] Figure 55B is a top plan view of the adjacent pit liquid distribution system of Figure 55A.
[00067] Figure 56A is a side elevation view of one embodiment of an assembly showing the adjacent pit liquid dispensing system of Figure 54A mounted in front of a closure assembly.
[00068] Figure 56B is a top plan view of the assembly of figure 56A.
[00069] Figure 57A is a perspective view of another embodiment of an assembly showing the adjacent pit liquid dispensing system of Figure 54E mounted on a rear mounting bracket of a closure assembly.
[00070] Figure 57B is a plan view of the adjacent pit liquid distribution system of Figure 57A.
[00071] Figure 57C is a perspective view of another embodiment of a mounting bracket for mounting the liquid distribution system in adjacent pit in the assembly of figure 57A.
[00072] Figure 57D is a perspective view of the assembly and mounting bracket of figure 57C as part of a leveling system. DESCRIPTION Depth Control and Soil Monitoring Systems
[00073] Referring now to the drawings, in which like reference numerals designate identical or corresponding parts throughout all the various views, figure 1 illustrates a tractor 5 extracting an agricultural implement, for example a planter 10, comprising a toolbar 14 operatively supporting multiple line units 200. An implement monitor 50 preferably including a central processing unit ("CPU"), a memory, and a graphical user interface ("GUI") ( for example, a touch screen type interface) is preferably positioned in the cab of tractor 5. A global positioning system ("GPS") receiver 52 is preferably mounted in tractor 5.
[00074] Returning to figure 2, an embodiment is illustrated, in which the agricultural row unit 200 is a planter row unit. Preferably, the agricultural line unit 200 is pivotally connected to the tool bar 14 by a parallel link 216. An actuator 218 is preferably arranged to apply upward and/or downward force on the agricultural line unit 200. Preferably, a solenoid valve 390 is in fluid communication with the actuator 218 to modify the upward and/or downward force applied by the actuator. An opening system 234 preferably includes two opening discs 244 rotatably mounted in a downwardly extending scarifier 254 and arranged to open a V-shaped pit 38 in the ground 40. A pair of gauge wheels 248 is supported pivotally by a pair of corresponding gauge wheel arms 260. The height of the gauge wheels 248 relative to the opening discs 244 defines the depth of the pit 38. A depth adjustment rocker 268 limits the upward path of the gauge wheel arms 260 and thereby the upward path of the gauge wheels 248. A depth adjustment actuator 380 is preferably configured to modify a position of the depth adjustment rocker 268 and thereby the height of the gauge wheels 248. The actuator 380 is preferably a linear actuator mounted on the agricultural line unit 200 and pivotally coupled to an upper end of the rocker arm 268. embodiments, the depth adjustment actuator 380 comprises a device, such as that described in International Patent Application, number PCT/US2012/035585 ("the '585 patent application"), the description of which is incorporated herein by reference. An encoder 382 is preferably configured to generate a signal related to the linear extension of the actuator 380. It is worth mentioning that the linear extension of the actuator 380 is related to the depth of the pit 38 when the arms of the gauge wheels 260 are in contact with the rocker arm 268 A down force sensor 392 is preferably configured to generate a signal relating to the amount of force imposed by the gauge wheels 248 on the ground 40; in some embodiments, the down force sensor 392 comprises an instrumented pin around which the rocker arm 268 is pivotally coupled to the agricultural line unit 200, such as those instrumented pins described in the applicant's U.S. Patent Application, number 12/ 522,253, the description of which is incorporated herein by reference.
[00075] Continuing reference to Figure 2, a seed meter 230, such as that described in the applicant's International Patent Application, number PCT/US2012/03 0.192, the description of which is incorporated herein by reference, is preferably arranged to deposit seeds 42 of a funnel 226 into pit 38, for example, through a seed tube 232 arranged to guide the seeds towards the pit. In some embodiments, instead of a seed tube 232, a seed conveyor is deployed to transport the seed from the seed meter to the pit at a controlled rate of speed, as described in the US Patent Application, serial number 14/347,902 and/or in US Patent number 8,789,482, which are incorporated herein by reference. In such embodiments, a support, such as that shown in Figure 30, is preferably configured to mount the seed firm to the scarifier 254 by means of laterally extending sidewalls around the seed mat, so that the seed firm is arranged behind the seed mat to firm the seeds into the soil after they are deposited by the seed mat. In some embodiments, the meter is powered by an electric driver 315 configured to drive a seed disk within the seed meter. In other embodiments, actuator 315 may comprise a hydraulic actuator configured to drive the disk. A seed sensor 305 (e.g., an optical or electromagnetic seed sensor configured to generate a signal indicative of the passage of the seed) is preferably mounted on the seed tube 232 and arranged to send light or electromagnetic waves along the path of the seeds 42. A closure system 236 that includes one or more closure wheels 238 is pivotally coupled to the agricultural line unit 200 and configured to close the pit 38.
[00076] Returning to Figure 3, a depth control and monitoring system 300 is illustrated schematically. The monitor 50 is preferably in data communication with the components associated with each agricultural line unit 200, which includes the triggers 315, the seed sensors 305, the GPS receiver 52, the down force sensors 392, the seed valves. down force 390, depth adjustment actuator 380, and depth actuator encoders 382. In some embodiments, particularly those in which seed meters 230 are not driven by a single driver 315, monitor 50 is also preferably in data communication with clutches 310 configured to selectively operably couple seed meter 230 to driver 315.
[00077] Continuing with reference to Figure 3, monitor 50 is preferably in data communication with a cellular modem 330 or other component configured to place monitor 50 in data communication with the Internet, indicated by reference numeral 335. Internet connection can comprise a wireless connection or a cellular connection. Through the Internet connection, the monitor 50 preferably receives data from a weather data server 340 and a ground data server 345. Through the Internet connection, the monitor 50 preferably transmits measurement data (for example, the measurements described here) to a recommendation server (which can be the same server as the climate data server 340 and/or the soil data server 345) for storing and receiving agronomic recommendations (for example , planting recommendations, such as planting depth, whether it is advisable to plant, in which fields to plant, which seed to plant, or which crop to plant) from a recommendation system stored on the server. In some modalities, the recommendation system updates planting recommendations based on the measurement data provided by monitor 50.
[00078] Continuing with reference to figure 3, the monitor 50 is also preferably in data communication with one or more temperature sensors 360 mounted on the planter 10 and configured to generate a signal related to the temperature of the soil being worked by the units of row planter 200. Monitor 50 is preferably in data communication with one or more reflectivity sensors 350 mounted on planter 10 and configured to generate a signal related to the reflectivity of the soil being worked by row planter units 200.
[00079] Referring to figure 3, the monitor 50 is preferably in data communication with one or more electrical conductivity sensors 370 mounted on the planter 10 and configured to generate a signal related to the soil temperature being operated by the 200 row planter units.
[00080] In some embodiments, a first series of reflectivity sensors 350, temperature sensors 360 and electrical conductivity sensors 370 is mounted on a seed firm 400 and arranged to measure reflectivity, temperature and electrical conductivity, respectively, from the ground in pit 38. In some embodiments, a second series of reflectivity sensors 350, temperature sensors 360, and electrical conductivity sensors 370 are mounted on a reference sensor array 1800 and arranged to measure reflectivity, temperature, and electrical conductivity , respectively, from the ground, preferably at a different depth than the sensors on the seed firm 400.
[00081] In some embodiments, a subset of sensors is in data communication with the monitor 50 via a bus 60 (eg a CAN bus). In some modalities, the sensors mounted on the seed firm 400 and on the reference sensor set 1800 are also in data communication with the monitor 50 via bus 60. However, in the modality illustrated in figure 3, the sensors mounted on the seed firmer, sensors mounted on seed firmer 400 and reference sensor assembly 1800 are in data communication with monitor 50 via a first wireless transmitter 621 and a second wireless transmitter 62-2, respectively. . Wireless transmitters 62 in each agricultural line unit are preferably in data communication with a single wireless receiver 64, which in turn is in data communication with monitor 50. The wireless receiver can be mounted on toolbar 14 or tractor cab 5. Soil Monitoring, Seed Monitoring and Seed Firming Apparatus
[00082] Returning to figures 4A-4C, a modality of a seed firmer 400 is illustrated, which firmer has a plurality of sensors for detection of soil characteristics. Seed holder 400 preferably includes a flexible portion 410 mounted to scarifier 254 and/or seed tube 232 by a bracket 415. In some embodiments, support 415 is similar to one of the support embodiments described in U.S. Patent number 6,918,342, incorporated herein by reference. The seed firmer preferably includes a firmer body 490 arranged and configured to be received at least partially within the V-shaped pit 38 and to firm seeds 42 within the bottom of the pit. When the seed holder 400 is lowered into the pit 38, the flexible portion 410 preferably induces the body of the holder 490 into resilient engagement with the pit. In some embodiments, flexible portion 410 preferably includes an external or internal reinforcement, as described in International Patent Application, number PCT/US2013/066652, incorporated herein by reference. In some embodiments, the fastener body 490 includes a removable portion 492 that preferably slides into locking engagement with the remainder of the fastener body. Firmer body 490 (which preferably includes the ground-engaging portion of the firmer body, which in some embodiments comprises removable portion 492) is preferably made from a material (or has an outer surface or coating ) with hydrophobic and/or non-stick properties, for example, having a Teflon graphite coating and/or comprising a polymer containing a hydrophobic material (for example, silicone oil or polyether-ether-ketone) impregnated thereon .
[00083] Referring to Figure 30, a modified modality of seed firmer 3000 is illustrated, which firmer is mounted on a firmer holder 4000. Firmer holder 4000 is preferably configured to be mounted on the ripper 254 of the row unit and support the seed holder 3000 in a position at the rear of the seed tube 232 or on the seed conveyor of the agricultural line unit. Seed firm 3000 preferably includes a firm body 3090 that is resiliently biased into the bottom of pit 38 by a flexible portion 3050. Seed firm 3000 preferably includes an upper portion 3070 received in an opening 4080 on the fastener bracket 4000. The fastener 3000 preferably includes a hook 3015 that fits into a wall 4015 of the bracket. It is worth mentioning that the fit of the wall and hook prevents the fastener from moving up, forward or backward relative to the bracket, but allows the fastener to slide down relative to the bracket. The fastener 3000 preferably includes a flexible mounting portion 3060 having an angled portion 3065 at a lower end thereof and a rearward facing retaining tab 3020. During installation, the user preferably holds the flexible portion 3050 and inserts upper portion 3070 into opening 4080. The fastener is preferably sized so that the flexible mounting portion 3060 deflects toward the flexible portion 3050 when the fastener is inserted into the bracket, until the retaining tab 3020 reaches the an opening 4020 in a rear portion of the bracket, allowing the flexible mounting portion 3060 to return to a relaxed (or more relaxed) state, in which the retaining tab 3020 engages the opening 4020 so as to prevent the fastener 3000 from sliding down relative to bracket 4000. In a preferred embodiment, wall 4015 and opening 4020 are preferably arranged so that retaining tab 3020 engages opening 4 020 when the holder has reached the position in which the hook 3015 engages the wall 4015 so that, in the installed configuration, the holder is prevented from moving up or down relative to the holder. During the removal of the fastener 3000, the user preferably holds the flexible portion 3050 and presses the angled portion 3065 (e.g., with their thumb) so that the flexible mounting portion 3060 deviates towards the flexible portion 3050, withdrawing the retaining tab 3020 from the opening 4020 and allowing the user to lower the brace and remove the brace from the bracket. It is worth mentioning that if there is entry of dust or debris at the opening 4080 coming from above the top 3070 of the fastener, such dust or debris will fall through a gap 3080 between the flexible portions 3050 and the mounting portion 3060 for the dust or residue does not accumulate on the support or firmer during operation.
[00084] Continuing with reference to Figure 30, a liquid application tube may be retained over the holder 3000 so that a terminal end of the liquid application tube (which may include a flow separator or other structure) is retained at a rear end of the fastener, thereby being arranged to dispense fluid behind the fastener. Such an embodiment is illustrated in Figure 30, in which the upper portion 3070 of the seed holder 3000 includes an opening 3072 sized to receive the liquid delivery tube 3171, the flexible portion 3050 includes a hook 3052 sized to releasably retain the tube. application tube and the body of the fastener 3090 includes an inner conduit 3092 sized to receive the liquid application tube 3171.
[00085] Continuing with reference to Figure 30, the holder 3000 may include any of the sensors mounted on the holder described here. In some of these embodiments, bracket 4000 includes mounting tabs 4010 to support a housing (not shown) that includes electronics or wire feeds for transmitting and processing data generated by sensors mounted in the holder.
[00086] Returning to figures 4A to 4C, seed firmer 400 preferably includes a plurality of reflectivity sensors 350a, 350b. Each reflectivity sensor 350 is preferably arranged and configured to measure soil reflectivity. In a preferred embodiment, reflectivity sensor 350 is arranged to measure the soil in pit 38 and preferably, at the bottom of the pit. Reflectivity sensor 350 preferably includes a lens disposed in the bottom of the body of the fastener 490 and used to engage the ground of the bottom of the pit 38. In some embodiments, the reflectivity sensor 350 comprises one of the embodiments described in US Patent, number 8,204,689 and/or in Provisional US Patent Application 61/824,975, which are incorporated herein by reference. In various embodiments, the reflectivity sensor 350 is configured to measure reflectivity in the visible range (eg, 400 and/or 600 nanometers), in short-range infrared (eg, 940 nanometers) and/or in another range location infra-red.
[00087] The seed firm 400 preferably includes a temperature sensor 360. The temperature sensor 360 is preferably arranged and configured to measure the temperature of the soil; in a preferred embodiment, the temperature sensor is arranged to measure the ground of pit 38, preferably within or adjacent to the bottom of pit 38. Temperature sensor 360 preferably includes ground engaging lugs 364, 366 ( figures 4B, 4C) arranged to slidingly fit on either side of pit 38 as the planter traverses the field. The lugs 364, 366 preferably fit the pit 38 within or adjacent to the bottom of the pit. The lugs 364, 366 are preferably made from a thermally conductive material, such as copper. The lugs 364 are preferably secured to and in thermal communication with a central portion 362 housed within the body of the fastener 490. The central portion 362 preferably comprises a thermally conductive material, such as copper. In some embodiments, the central portion 362 comprises a hollow copper rod. The central portion 362 is preferably in thermal communication with a thermocouple attached to the central portion. In other embodiments, temperature sensor 360 may comprise a non-contact temperature sensor, such as an infrared thermometer. In some embodiments, other measurements made by system 300 (for example, reflectivity measurements, electrical conductivity measurements, and/or measurements derived from these measurements) are temperature compensated using the temperature measurement made by temperature sensor 360. The adjustment The temperature-compensated measurement on the basis of temperature is preferably performed by consulting an empirical look-up table regarding the temperature-compensated measurement of soil temperature. For example, measuring reflectivity at a near infrared wavelength can be increased (or in some examples, decreased) by 1% for every 1 degree Celsius at a ground temperature above 10 degrees Celsius.
[00088] The seed firmer preferably includes a plurality of electrical conductivity sensors 370, as shown in figures 4A-4C, which may be arranged as front and rear sensors designated by the suffix "f" and "r". The suffixes "f' and "r" are used when referring to other front and rear sensors described later here. Each electrical conductivity sensor 370 is preferably arranged and configured to measure the electrical conductivity of the ground. In a preferred embodiment, the sensors of electrical conductivity sensors 370 are arranged to measure the electrical conductivity of the ground in pit 38, preferably within or adjacent to the bottom of pit 38. Electrical conductivity sensors 370 preferably include ground engaging lugs 374, 376 arranged to slidingly fit either side of pit 38 as the planter traverses the field. Handles 374, 376 preferably fit pit 38 within or adjacent to the bottom of the pit. Handles 374, 376 are preferably made from an electrically conductive material such as copper. The lugs 374 are preferably attached to and are in electrical communication with a central portion 372 a Stored within the body of the fastener 490. The central portion 372 preferably comprises an electrically conductive material, such as copper. In some embodiments, the central portion 372 comprises a copper rod. The central portion 372 is preferably in electrical communication with an electrical terminal attached to the central portion.
[00089] In some embodiments, the seed firmer 400, in cooperation with the system 300, measures the electrical conductivity of the soil adjacent to the pit 38 by calculating the electrical potential between the front electrical conductivity sensor 370f and the rear conductivity sensor electric 370f. In other embodiments, the electrical conductivity sensors 370f, 370r may be disposed in longitudinally spaced relationship at the bottom of the seed firm so as to measure electrical conductivity at the bottom of the seed hole.
[00090] In other embodiments, the electrical conductivity sensors 370 may comprise one or more devices that operate on the ground or in contact with the ground (for example, discs or scarifiers) that contact the ground and which are preferably electrically insulated from each other or from another voltage reference. The voltage potential between sensors 370 or other voltage reference is preferably measured by system 300. The voltage potential or other electrical conductivity value derived from the voltage potential is preferably reported to the operator. The electrical conductivity value can also be associated with the position reported by the GPS and used to generate a map of the spatial variation of electrical conductivity across the entire field. In some of these embodiments, electrical conductivity sensors may comprise one or more row planter unit opening discs, row planter unit wiper wheels, planter floor contact scarifiers, floor contact shoes that depend on a planter scarifier, tiller tool scarifiers, or tiller tool discs. In some embodiments, a first electrical conductivity sensor may comprise a component (eg, a disc or scarifier) of a first agricultural line unit while a second electrical conductivity sensor comprises a component (eg, a disc or scarifier ) of a second agricultural row unit, so that the electrical conductivity of the soil extending transversely between the first and second row units is measured. It is worth mentioning that at least one of the electrical conductivity sensors described here is preferably electrically isolated from another sensor or another voltage reference. In one example, the electrical conductivity sensor is mounted on an implement (eg row planter unit or tillage tool) by first being placed on an electrically insulating component (eg a component made from electrically insulating material , such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, or a rubber-like polymer) which is, in turn, mounted on the implement.
[00091] With reference to figure 4C, in some embodiments, seed firmer 400, in cooperation with system 300, measures the electrical conductivity of the soil between two line units 200 that have a first seed firmer 400-1 and a second seed firm 400-2, respectively, measuring the electrical potential between an electrical conductivity sensor on the first seed firm 400-1 and an electrical conductivity sensor over the second seed firm 400-2. In some of these embodiments, electrical conductivity sensor 370 may comprise a larger ground-fitting electrode (e.g., a housing seed fastener) composed of metal or other conductive material. It is worth mentioning that any of the electrical conductivity sensors described here can measure conductivity by means of any of the following combinations: (1) between a first probe on a component of the ground snap-in agricultural line unit (for example , on a seed firmer, an agricultural line cleaning wheel, an opening disc, a shoe, a scarifier, a frame, a plowshare, or a closing wheel) and a second probe on the same component of the agricultural line unit fitting on the floor of the same agricultural line unit; (2) between a first probe on a first component of the ground-fit agricultural row unit (eg on a seed firmer, a row cleaner wheel, an opening disc, a shoe, a scarifier, a sash, a plowshare, or a closing wheel) and a second probe on a second component of the ground-in agricultural row unit (eg, on a seed holder, a row cleaner wheel, an opening disc , a shoe, a scarifier, a frame, a share, or a closing wheel) of the same agricultural line unit; or (3) between a first probe on a first component of the ground-fit agricultural line unit (e.g. on a seed firmer, a line cleaner wheel, an opening disc, a shoe, a scarifier, a sash, a plowshare, or a closing wheel) on a first agricultural line unit and a second probe on a second component of the ground-fit agricultural line unit (eg, on a seed firm, a seed cleaner wheel. row, an opening disc, a shoe, a scarifier, a frame, a plowshare, or a closing wheel) on a second agricultural line unit. One or both of the row units described in the above combinations 1 to 3 may comprise a planting agricultural row unit or other agricultural row unit (e.g., a cropping unit or a dedicated metering agricultural row unit) which may be mounted in front of or behind the toolbar.
[00092] Reflectivity sensors 350, temperature sensors 360, and electrical conductivity sensors 370 (together, "firmer mounted sensors") are preferably in data communication with monitor 50. In some embodiments, sensors mounted in the holder they are in data communication with the monitor 50 via a transceiver (eg, a CAN transceiver) and the bus 60. In other embodiments, the sensors mounted on the holder are in data communication with the monitor 50 through the 62-1 wireless transmitter (preferably mounted on the seed firm) and the wireless receiver 64. In some embodiments, the sensors mounted on the seed firm are in electrical communication with the 62-1 wireless transmitter (or transceiver) by means of a multi-pin connector comprising a male coupler 472 and a female coupler 474, as shown in Figure 4A. In fastener body arrangements having a removable portion 492, the male coupler 472 is preferably mounted on the removable portion and the female coupler 474 is preferably mounted on the remainder of the fastener body 190. The couplers 472, 474 are preferably arranged to that the couplers electrically engage when the removable portion is slidably mounted to the body of the fastener.
[00093] Returning to Figure 19A, another embodiment of the 400C seed fastener is illustrated, which incorporates a 1900 fiber optic cable. The 1900 fiber optic cable preferably terminates in a lens 1902 at the bottom of the 400C firmer. Fiber optic cable 1900 preferably extends to a reflectivity sensor 350a, which is preferably mounted separately from the seed firm, for example, at another location on the agricultural line unit 200. In operation, light reflected from the ground (preferably at the bottom of pit 28) travels to the reflectivity sensor 350a via fiber optic cable 1900 so that the reflectivity sensor 350a is enabled to measure the reflectivity of the ground at a location away from the 400C seed firmer. In other embodiments, such as the seed firmer mode 400D illustrated in Fig. 19B, the fiber optic cable extends to a spectrometer 373 configured to analyze light transmitted from the ground. Spectrometer 373 is preferably configured to analyze reflectivity in a spectrum of wavelengths. Spectrometer 373 is preferably in data communication with monitor 50. Spectrometer 373 preferably comprises a fiber optic spectrometer, such as model no. USB4000 available from Ocean Optics, Inc. in Dunedin, Florida. In embodiments 400C and 400D, a modified fastener bracket 415A is preferably configured to secure 1900 fiber optic cable.
[00094] Returning to figures 25-26, a modality of another firmer 2500 is illustrated. Firmer 2500 includes an upper portion 2510 having a mounting portion 2520. Mounting portion 2520 is preferably stiffened by including a stiffening insert made from a material more rigid than the mounting portion (e.g., the mounting portion may be made of plastic and the stiffening insert may be made of metal) in an internal cavity 2540 of the mounting portion 2520. The mounting portion 2520 preferably includes mounting tabs 2526, 2528 for releasably securing the fastener 2500 to a bracket located over the agricultural line unit. Mounting portion 2520 preferably includes mounting hooks 2522, 2524 for securing a liquid delivery conduit (e.g., a flexible tube) (not shown) to fastener 2500. Top portion 2510 preferably includes a internal cavity 2512 sized to receive the liquid application conduit. The inner cavity 2512 preferably includes a rear opening through which the liquid application conduit extends for dispensing liquid behind the holder 2500. It is worth mentioning that a plurality of liquid conduits may be inserted into the inner cavity 2512. additionally, a nozzle can be included at a terminal end of the duct or ducts to redirect and/or separate the liquid flow applied to the pit behind the 2500 fastener.
[00095] The fastener 2500 also preferably includes a floor engaging portion 2530 mounted to the upper portion 2510. The floor engaging portion 2530 may be removably mounted to the upper portion 2510. As shown, the floor engaging portion 2510. The floor is mounted to the upper portion by threaded screws 2560, however, in other embodiments the floor engaging portion can be installed and removed without the use of tools, for example, by a slot and groove arrangement. The floor engaging portion 2530 may also be permanently mounted to the top portion 2510 (for example, using rivets instead of screws 2560, or molding the upper portion into the floor engaging portion). The floor engaging portion 2530 is preferably made from a material that has a greater wear resistance than plastic, such as metal (e.g. stainless steel or white cast iron), may include a wear resistant coating ( or a non-stick coating as described herein), and may include a wear resistant portion such as an insert made of tungsten carbide.
[00096] The ground fitting portion 2530 preferably includes a sensor to detect pit characteristics (eg soil moisture, soil organic matter, soil temperature, presence of seeds, seed spacing, percentage of seeds seeds firmed, presence of residue in the soil), such as a reflectivity sensor 2590, preferably housed in a cavity 2532 of the socket portion in the ground. Reflectivity sensor 2590 preferably includes a sensor circuit board 2596 that has a sensor arranged to receive light reflected from the pit through a transparent window 2592. Transparent window 2592 is preferably mounted at the same level as a lower surface of the floor engaging portion so that earth flows under the window without accumulating on the window or along an edge of the window. An electrical connection 2594 preferably connects the sensor circuit board 2596 to a wire or bus (not shown) which arranges the sensor circuit board in data communication with the monitor 50.
[00097] Returning to figures 5-14, an embodiment of another seed firmer 500 is illustrated. A flexible portion 504 is preferably configured to resiliently press a body of firm 520 into seed hole 38. Mounting tabs 514, 515 releasably couple flexible portion 504 to firm holder 415, preferably, as described in the '585 patent application.
[00098] A flexible liquid conduit 506 preferably conducts liquid (eg, liquid fertilizer) from a liquid source to an outlet 507 for depositing it in or adjacent to pit 38. As shown in Figure 10, conduit 506 preferably extends through holder body 520 between outlet 507 and a fitting 529 which preferably prevents conduit 506 from sliding relative to holder body 520. The conduit portion may extend through a opening formed in the body of the fastener 520 or (as illustrated) through a channel covered by a removable cover 530. The cover 530 preferably fits the side walls 522, 524 (figure 11) of the body of the fastener 520 by means of of hook tabs 532. The hook tabs 532 preferably prevent the sidewalls 522, 524 from buckling outward in addition to retaining the cap 530 on the body of the fastener 520. A screw 533 (figure 10) also retains prefer Fit the cover 530 onto the body of the fastener 520.
[00099] Referring to Figures 6 and 7, the conduit 506 is preferably retained in the flexible portion 504 of the seed holder 500 by mounting hooks 508, 509 and by the mounting tabs 514, 515. The conduit 506 is preferably captured so resiliently by arms 512, 513 of mounting hooks 508, 509 respectively. Referring to Figures 8 and 9, conduit 506 is preferably received in slots 516, 517 of mounting tabs 514, 515, respectively.
[000100] A bundle of cables 505 preferably comprises a wire or a plurality of wires in electrical communication with the sensors mounted in the holder described below. The bundle of cables 505 is preferably received in the slots 510, 511 of the mounting hooks 508, 509 and additionally held in place by the conduit 506. The bundle of cables 505 is preferably captured by the slots 518, 519 of the mounting tabs. 514, 515, respectively. The bundle of cables 505 is preferably pressed through a resilient opening of each slit 518, 519, and the resilient opening returns to its place so that the slits detain the bundle 505, unless the bundle is forcibly removed.
[000101] In some embodiments, the lower part of the socket fitting in the seed firm 500 comprises a plate 540. The plate 540 may comprise a different material and/or a material with different properties compared to the rest of the body of the seed fastener 520. For example, plate 540 may have a greater hardness than the rest of the body of fastener 520 and may comprise powdered metal. In some embodiments, the entire body of fastener 520 is made from a relatively rigid material, such as powder metal. In an installation phase, plate 540 is mounted to the remainder of the fastener body 520 (eg, by rods 592 secured to plate 540 and secured to the remainder of the fastener body by retainer rings 594). It is worth mentioning that the plate can be detachably or permanently mounted to the rest of the fastener body.
[000102] With reference to Figures 10, 12 and 13, the seed firm 500 is preferably configured to removably receive a reflectivity sensor 350 within a cavity 527 located in the body of the firm 520. In a preferred embodiment, the sensor of reflectivity 350 is detachably installed on the seed firm 500 by sliding the reflectivity sensor 350 into cavity 527 until the flexible tabs 525, 523 (figure 13) snap into place, securing the reflectivity sensor 350 until that the flexible tabs are moved to remove the reflectivity sensor. Reflectivity sensor 350 can be configured to take any of the measurements described above with respect to seed firmer 400 reflectivity sensor 350 of Figures 4A-4C. Reflectivity sensor 350 preferably comprises a circuit board 580 (in some embodiments, an overmolded printed circuit board). Reflectivity sensor 350 preferably detects light transmitted through a lens 550 which has a lower surface coincident in extent with the surrounding lower surface of the firmer body 520 so that soil and seeds are not entrained by the lens 550. which have a plate 540, the lower surface of the lens 550 is preferably coincident in extension with a lower surface of the plate 540. The lens 550 is preferably a transparent material, such as sapphire. The interface between circuit board 580 and lens 550 is preferably protected from dust and debris. In the illustrated embodiment, the interface is protected by a ring 552 (Figure 12), while in other embodiments, the interface is protected by a heat-conducting compound. In a preferred embodiment, lens 550 is mounted on circuit board 580 and slides into place within the lower surface of fastener body 520 (and/or board 540) when reflectivity sensor 350 is installed. In such embodiments, the flexible tabs 523, 525 (FIG. 13) preferably lock the reflectivity sensor into a position in which the lens 550 is coincident in extension with the lowermost surface of the body of the fastener 520.
[000103] With reference to figures 10 and 14, the seed firm 500 preferably includes a temperature sensor 360. The temperature sensor 360 preferably comprises a probe 560. The probe 560 preferably comprises a thermo-rod conductive (eg, a copper rod) that extends the width of the fastener body 500 and has opposite ends extending from the fastener body 500 to contact the sides of the pit 38. The temperature sensor 360, so preferred, also comprises a resistive temperature detector ("RTD") 564 fixed (e.g., screwed into a threaded hole) to probe 560. The RTD preferably enters electrical communication with circuit board 580 via a terminal electrical 585. Circuit board 580 is preferably configured to process both reflectivity and temperature measurements and is preferably in electrical communication with beam 505. wherein the plate 540 and/or the remainder of the body of the fastener 520 comprise a thermally conductive material, an insulating material 562 preferably supports the probe 560 so that temperature changes in the probe are minimally affected by contact with the body of the fastener . In such embodiments, preferably, probe 560 is primarily surrounded by air present within firmer body 520 and insulating material 562 (or firmer body) preferably contacts a minimum surface area of the probe. In some embodiments, the insulating material comprises a low conductivity plastic such as polystyrene or polypropylene.
[000104] Returning to figure 15, another mode 400A of the seed firmer is illustrated, which firmer has a plurality of reflectivity sensors 350. The reflectivity sensors 350c, 350d and 350e are arranged to measure the reflectivity of regions 352c, 352d and 352e, respectively, within and adjacent to the bottom of pit 38. Regions 352c, 352d and 352e preferably constitute a substantially contiguous region that preferably includes all or substantially all of the portion of the pit in which seed rests after falling into. of the pit through the action of gravity. In other embodiments, a plurality of temperature and/or electrical conductivity sensors are arranged to measure a larger, preferably substantially contiguous, region.
[000105] Returning to Figure 16, another embodiment of a seed firmer 400B is illustrated, which firmer has a plurality of reflectivity sensors 350 arranged for measurement on both sides of pit 38 and at various depths within the pit. The 350f, 350k reflectivity sensors are arranged to measure the reflectivity in or adjacent to the top of pit 38. The 350h, 350i reflectivity sensors are arranged to measure the reflectivity in or adjacent to the bottom of pit 38. The sensors of reflectivity 350g, 350j are arranged to measure the reflectivity at an intermediate depth of pit 38, eg at half depth of pit. It is worth mentioning that to make efficient measurements in the soil at an intermediate depth of the pit, it is desirable to modify the shape of the seed firm so that the side walls of the seed firm fit into the sides of the pit at an intermediate depth of the pit. Likewise, it is worth mentioning that to perform efficient soil measurements at a depth near the top of the pit (ie, at or near the soil surface 40), it is desirable to modify the shape of the seed firm so that the side walls of the seed firmer fit the sides of the pit at or near the top of the pit. In other embodiments, a plurality of temperature and/or electrical conductivity sensors are arranged to measure the temperature and/or electrical conductivity, respectively, of the soil at a plurality of depths within pit 38.
[000106] As described above in relation to system 300, in some embodiments, a second series of reflectivity sensors 350, temperature sensors 360 and electrical conductivity sensors 370 is mounted on a reference sensor. Such an embodiment of reference sensor 1800 is illustrated in Figure 18, in which an assembly is provided for digging a pit 39 where a seed holder 400 having sensors mounted in the holder is resiliently fitted to detect the soil characteristics of the bottom of the pit 39. Pit 39 is preferably at a small depth (eg between 1/8 and 1/2 inch) or at a large depth (eg between 3 and 5 inches). The pit is preferably opened by a pair of opening discs 1830-1, 1830-2 arranged to open the V-shaped pit in the ground 40 and rotate about lower cubes 1834. The pit depth is preferably defined by one or plus gauge wheels 1820 which rotate around upper hubs 1822. The upper and lower hubs are preferably fixedly mounted on a ripper 1840. The seed firmer is preferably mounted on the ripper 1840 by a firmer support 1845. Scarifier 1840 is preferably mounted to tool bar 14. In some embodiments, scarifier 1840 is mounted to tool bar 14 by an array of parallel arms 1810 for vertical movement relative to the tool bar. In some of these embodiments, the scarifier is resiliently tilted toward the ground by an adjustable spring 1812 (or other downward force applicator). In the illustrated embodiment, the scarifier 1840 is mounted in front of the tool bar 14. In other embodiments, the scarifier can be mounted to the rear of the tool bar 14. In other embodiments, the fastener 400 can be mounted to the unit scarifier. of agricultural line 254, on a set of closing wheels or on a set of line cleaners.
[000107] With reference to figures 23 and 24, an embodiment of another reference sensor 1800A is illustrated, which comprises an instrumented ripper 1840A. Reference sensors 350u, 350m, 3501 are preferably disposed on a lower end of the chisel 1840A to contact the ground on the pit sidewall 39 within or adjacent to the pit top, at an intermediate pit depth, and within or adjacent to the pit. to the bottom of the pit, respectively. Scarifier 1840A extends into the pit and preferably includes an angled surface 1842 on which reference sensors 350 are mounted. The angle of surface 1842 is preferably parallel to the side wall of pit 39. Data Processing and Display
[000108] Returning to figure 20A-20B, monitor 50 is preferably configured to display a ground data screen 2000, which includes a plurality of windows that display ground data (as a numeric or legend based representation) assembled using any of the seed fasteners and associated sensors described here. The soil data in each window preferably corresponds to current measurements made by sensors mounted on the seed firm and/or reference sensor 1800, 1800A. In some modalities, ground data in certain windows may correspond to measurements averaged over a preceding period of time or over a previously covered distance. In some embodiments, soil data in certain windows correspond to an average value from a plurality of sensors across the planter; in such embodiments, the window also preferably identifies the line on which the smallest and/or largest value was measured, as well as displays the smallest and/or largest value measured on that line.
[000109] A 2005 carbon content window preferably displays an estimate of the carbon content in the soil. The carbon content is preferably estimated based on the electrical conductivity measured by the electrical conductivity sensors 370 (for example, using an empirical relationship or an empirical lookup table referring to electrical conductivity at an estimated percentage of carbon content). Window 2005 preferably additionally displays the electrical conductivity measured by electrical conductivity sensors 370.
[000110] An organic matter 2010 window preferably displays an estimate of the organic matter content in the soil. The organic matter content is preferably estimated based on the reflectivity at one or a plurality of wavelengths measured by the reflectivity sensors 350 (for example, using an empirical relationship or an empirical lookup table regarding reflectivity in one or a plurality of wavelengths in an estimated percentage of organic matter).
[000111] A 2015 soil components window preferably displays an estimate of the fractional presence of one or a plurality of soil components (eg nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and carbon). Each soil component estimate is preferably based on reflectivity at one or a plurality of wavelengths measured by the reflectivity sensors 350 (for example, using an empirical relationship or an empirical lookup table regarding reflectivity at one or a plurality of wavelengths on an estimated fractional presence of a soil component). In some embodiments, the soil component estimate is preferably determined based on a signal or signals generated by the 373 spectrometer. In some embodiments, the 2015 window additionally displays a ratio of soil carbon and nitrogen components.
[000112] The moisture window 2020 preferably displays an estimate of soil moisture. The moisture estimate is preferably based on reflectivity at one or a plurality of wavelengths (eg 930 or 940 nanometers) measured by the 350 reflectivity sensors, for example using an empirical relationship or an empirical reference lookup table. to reflectivity at one or a plurality of wavelengths at an estimated humidity. In some embodiments, the moisture measurement is determined as described in Provisional U.S. Patent Application 61/824,975.
[000113] The 2025 temperature window preferably displays an estimate of the soil temperature. The temperature estimate is preferably based on the signal generated by one or more temperature sensors 350.
[000114] Depth window 2030 preferably displays the current depth setting. Preferably, the monitor 50 also allows the user to remotely trigger the agricultural line unit 200 to a desired pit depth, as described in International Patent Application, number PCT/US2014/029352, incorporated herein by reference.
[000115] A 2040 reflectivity variation window (figure 20B) can show a statistical reflectivity variation over a threshold period (eg the first 30 seconds) or for a threshold distance traveled by the implement (eg the previous 30 feet ). The statistical reflectivity variation can comprise any function of a reflectivity signal (e.g., generated by each reflectivity sensor 350), such as the variance or standard deviation of the reflectivity signal. Monitor 50 can additionally display a representation of a predicted agronomic result (eg percentage of successfully immersed plants) based on the reflectivity change value. For example, reflectivity emergency values can be used to query a predicted planting emergency value in an empirically generated database (eg, stored in implement monitor memory 50 or stored and updated on a remote server in data communication with the implement monitor) which associates reflectivity values with predicted planting emergency.
[000116] Each window of the 2000 soil data summary screen preferably shows an average value for all the row units ("rows") in which the measurement is made and, optionally, the agricultural row unit to which the value is the largest and/or the smallest together with the value associated with that agricultural row unit or row units. Selecting (for example, by clicking or tapping) each window preferentially shows the individual values (line by line) of the data associated with the window for each of the line units in which the measurement is made.
[000117] Returning to Figure 21A, the monitor 50 is preferably configured to display one or more 2100A map windows in which a plurality of soil data, measurement and/or estimated values is represented by blocks 2122, 2124, 2126, each block having a color or pattern that associates the measurement at the block position with the bands 2112, 2114, 2116, respectively (from legend 2110A) in which the measurements lie. The 2100A map window is preferably generated and displayed for each soil data, measurement, and/or estimate displayed on the 2000 soil data screen, which preferably includes carbon content, electrical conductivity, organic matter , soil components (which include nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), soil moisture and temperature.
[000118] Figure 21B shows another map window 2100B, in which the reflectivity variation is spatially displayed in a displayed spatial reflectivity variation map. As in the previous 2100A map window, in this 2100B map window, field areas can be associated with 2122, 2124, 2126 graphical representations (eg pixels or blocks) defined by color or pattern with subseries 2112, 2114, 2116, respectively from a 2110B subtitle. Subseries can correspond to numerical ranges of variation in reflectivity. Subseries can be named according to an agronomic indication empirically associated with the reflectivity range. For example, a reflectivity variation below a first threshold at which no emergency failures were predicted can be classified as "Good"; a reflectivity variation between the first threshold and a second threshold, where a predicted emergency failure is agronomically unacceptable (eg, is likely to affect yield by more than one yield threshold) may be classified as "Acceptable"', a reflectivity variation above the second threshold can be classified as "Predicted Weak Emergence".
[000119] Returning to Figure 22, the monitor 50 is preferably configured to display one or more windows of planting data that include the planting data measured by seed sensors 305 and/or reflectivity sensors 350. Window 2205 preferably displays a good spacing value calculated based on the seed pulses from the seed optical (or electromagnetic) sensors 305. Window 2210 preferably displays a good spacing value based on the seed pulses from the reflectivity sensors 350. Referring to Fig. 17, the seed pulses 1502 in the reflectivity signal 1500 can be identified by a reflectance level that exceeds a threshold T associated with passing the seed under the seed firmer. The time of each seed pulse 1502 can be set to be the midpoint of each period P between the first and second crossings of the threshold T. once seed pulse times are identified (either from seed sensor 305, or from reflectivity sensor 350), seed pulse periods are preferably used to calculate a good spacing value as described in US Patent Application, number 13/752,031 ("the '031 patent application"), incorporated herein by reference. In some modalities, in addition to good spacing, other information about seed planting (which includes, for example, population, fragmentation, omissions and multiples) is also calculated and displayed on screen 2200 according to the methods described in the request for patent '031. In some embodiments, the same wavelength (and/or the same 350 reflectivity sensor) is used for seed detection such as moisture and other soil data measurements. In some modes, the wavelength is around 940 nanometers. When the 1500 reflectivity signal is used for both seed detection and soil measurement (eg moisture), the portion of the signal identified as a seed pulse (eg P periods) is preferably not used. in the calculation of soil measurement. For example, the signal during each period P can be considered as a line between the periods immediately before and immediately after period P, or in other modalities it can be considered as the average value of the signal during the previous 30 seconds of the signal that are not within any P seed pulse period. In some embodiments, the 2200 screen also displays the percentage or absolute difference between the good spacing values or other seed planting information determined based on the pulses from the P seed sensor. seed and the same information determined based on the reflectivity sensor pulses.
[000120] In some embodiments, seed detection is improved by selectively measuring reflectivity at a wavelength or wavelengths associated with the characteristic or characteristics of the seed being planted. In some of these embodiments, system 300 prompts the operator to select a crop, seed type, hybrid seed, seed treatment, and/or other characteristic of the seed to be planted. The wavelength or wavelengths at which reflectivity is measured to identify seed pulses is preferably selected based on the seed characteristic or characteristics selected by the operator.
[000121] In some embodiments, "good spacing" values are calculated based on both the seed pulse signals generated by the optical or electromagnetic seed sensors 305 and the reflectivity sensors 350.
[000122] In some of these embodiments, the "good spacing" value for an agricultural row unit is based on the seed pulses generated by the reflectivity sensor 350 associated with the agricultural row unit, which are filtered based on the generated signal by optical seed sensor 305 located on the same farm line unit. For example, a confidence value can be associated with each seed pulse generated by the optical seed sensor (eg directly related to the amplitude of the seed pulse from the optical seed sensor). The confidence value can then be modified based on the signal from the optical seed sensor (eg increased if a seed pulse was observed in the optical seed sensor within a threshold period before the seed pulse of the reflectivity sensor, and decreased if a seed pulse has not been observed on the optical seed sensor within a threshold period before the seed pulse of the reflectivity sensor). A seed pulse is then identified and stored as a seed deposition if the modified confidence value exceeds a threshold.
[000123] In other embodiments of this type, the "good spacing" value for an agricultural row unit is based on the seed pulses generated by the 305 seed optical sensor associated with the agricultural row unit, which are modified based on the signal generated by the reflectivity sensor 350 located on the same agricultural line unit. For example, the seed pulses generated by the optical seed sensor 305 can be associated with the period of the next seed pulse generated by the reflectivity sensor 350. If no seed pulses are generated by the reflectivity sensor 350 within a time threshold after seed pulse generated by seed sensor 305, then a seed pulse generated by seed sensor 305 may be ignored (for example, if a confidence value associated with seed sensor seed pulse is below a threshold ) or adjusted by an average time delay between the reflectivity sensor seed pulses and the seed sensor seed pulses (for example, the average time delay for the last 10, 100, or 300 seeds).
[000124] In addition to displaying seed planting information, such as good spacing values, in some embodiments, measured seed pulses can be used for the deposition time of liquid and other crop additives in the pit and the time of application of crop input to land over seed, adjacent to seed or between seed, as desired. In some of these embodiments, a liquid dispensing valve that allows the selective flow of liquid from outlet 507 of liquid conduit 506 is quickly opened for a timeout (eg, 0 seconds, 1 ms, 10 ms, 100 ms or 1 second) after seed pulse 1502 has been identified in signal 1500 of the reflectivity sensor 350 associated with the same agricultural line unit 200 as the liquid applicator valve.
[000125] A signal generated by the reflectivity sensor can also be used to identify the presence of crop residue (eg corn stalks) in the seed hole. When the reflectivity in a range of wavelengths associated with the crop residue (for example, between 560 and 580 nm) exceeds a threshold, system 300 preferably determines that there is crop residue in the pit at the current location reported by the GPS . Spatial variation in the residual can then be mapped and displayed to the user. Additionally, a pressure supplied to a set of line cleaners (eg, a pressure-controlled line cleaner as described in US Patent No. 8,550,020, incorporated herein by reference) can be automatically adjusted by system 300 in response to identification of residue or can be adjusted by the user. In one example, the system may command a valve associated with the line cleaner actuator pressure to increase by 5 psi in response to an indication that there is crop residue in the seed pit. Similarly, the downward force of a closing wheel actuator can also be adjusted by system 300 or by the operator in response to an indication that there is crop residue in the seed hole.
[000126] In some embodiments, the orientation of each seed is determined based on the lengths of the seed pulse periods P based on reflectivity. In some of these modalities, pulses with a period longer than a threshold (an absolute threshold or threshold percentage in excess of the average pulse period) are classified into a first category, while pulses with a period shorter than the limit are classified into a second category. The first and second categories preferably correspond to the first and second seed orientations. The percentages of seeds during the previous 30 seconds that are in the first and/or second category can be displayed on the 2200 screen. The orientation of each seed is preferably spatially mapped using GPS coordinates for individual performance of plantations can be compared with seed guidance during scouting operations.
[000127] In some embodiments, the determination of the contact between the seed and the ground is made based on the existence or absence of an identified seed pulse generated by the reflectivity sensor 350. For example, when a seed pulse is generated by the sensor seed optical 305 and no seed pulse is generated by the reflectivity sensor 350 within a time limit after the seed pulse of the seed optical sensor, a "Weak" value of contact between the seed and soil is preferably stored and associated with the location at which the reflectivity sensor seed pulse was expected. An index of contact between seed and soil can be generated for a row or rows by comparing the number of seeds that have "Weak" contact between seed and soil against a limit number of seeds planted, distance traveled or time elapsed . The operator can then be alerted by means of the monitor 50 about the row or rows showing contact between the seed and the ground below an index threshold value. Additionally, the spatial variation in contact between seed and soil can be mapped and displayed to the user. Additionally, a criterion representing the percentage of seeds signed (eg that have no "Weak" contact between seed and soil) in a previous time period or the number of seeds can be displayed to the operator.
[000128] Returning to figure 29, in some embodiments, the agricultural line unit 200 further comprises a pit 2900 condition sensing system. The pit 2900 condition sensing system preferably includes a sensor 2910 arranged to measure a feature (eg, reflectivity, moisture, temperature, presence of seeds, presence of residue) of pit 38 (eg, pit bottom). Sensor 2910 preferably comprises a sensor configured to remotely measure the characteristic of the pit (e.g., without contacting the ground). Sensor 2910 is preferably arranged above the ground surface (eg, above the bottom of the pit and preferably above the top of the pit). Sensor 2910 may comprise a reflectivity sensor. Pit condition sensing system 2900 preferably further comprises a light source 2920 (e.g., an LED) arranged to illuminate pit 28. In some embodiments, light source 2920 is configured to change intensity and/or or the wavelength at which the pit is lit. Preferably, sensor 2910 and light source 2920 are disposed longitudinally behind seed holder 400 and longitudinally in front of closure system 236. Sensor 2910 and light source 2920 are preferably disposed transversely between the side edges of pit 38. Sensor 2910 and light source 2920 are preferably suspended in preferred locations by brackets 2930 depending on the structure of agricultural line unit 200. Sensor 2910 and light source 2920 are preferably in data communication with the planter monitor 50 for transmitting commands and measurement data. Modalities of Side Extrusions
[000129] Returning to figures 27 and 28, an embodiment of another seed firm 2700 is illustrated, in which the firm 2700 includes extrusions or "flanks" fitting into pit 2730. Flanks 2730-1, 2730-2 are preferably disposed respectively on the right and left sides of the seed firm 2700. The flanks 2730 can be mounted (eg by means of a tongue and groove arrangement) in the body of the firmer 2710 of the seed firm 2700 or they can be formed as one piece unitary with the body of the fastener 2710. The flanks 2730 are preferably arranged to open transversally extending lateral pits 37 (Figure 28) in the ground as the fastener is moved longitudinally through the primary pit 38, so that the pit primary 38 includes two lateral pits extending transversely 37-1, 37-2 on the right and left sides. Each flank is preferably arranged at an angle (eg 10 to 30 degrees) relative to the horizontal plane so that a trailing edge of the flank is higher than the leading edge of the flank. Each flank preferably has an upper surface which is preferably arranged at the angle of the flank. Flanks 2730 are preferably arranged to maintain a lower surface of the firm body 2710 in contact with the bottom of the primary pit 38, for example, by transmitting a downward vertical force from the ground onto the firm body. The vertical down force can be generated by the cutting action of the flank 2730 (for example, the vertical down force can be generated by moving the ground from the lower front end of the flank to the upper rear end of the flank).
[000130] The 2730 flanks can be made of the same material or a different material than the body of the 2710 fastener. The 2730 flanks can be made from a plastic or from a material that has greater wear resistance than the plastic, such as metal (eg stainless steel or white cast iron), may include a wear resistant coating (or a non-stick coating as described herein) and may include a wear resistant portion such as a carbide insert. tungsten.
[000131] Each flank 2730 preferably includes a sensor 2732. In some embodiments, the sensor is disposed on an upper surface of flank 2730, as shown in Figure 27. In other embodiments, the sensor may be disposed on a front end or a lower flank surface. Sensor 2732 can be an electrical conductivity sensor (eg one or more electrical conductivity probes), a temperature sensor (eg one or more thermosetting probes), a humidity sensor (eg a reflectivity sensor ), an organic matter sensor (eg a reflectivity sensor), a pH sensor (eg a reflectivity sensor), a residue sensor (eg a reflectivity sensor), or a seed sensor (eg a reflectivity sensor).
[000132] Each flank 2730 preferably includes a fluid outlet 2734. The fluid outlet 2734 is preferably in fluid communication with a fluid source (e.g., a fertilizer comprising "pop-up" initiator, a fertilizer which comprises nitrogen, a pesticide or an herbicide). Fluid outlet 2734 may be in fluid communication with the fluid source through an inner channel formed in the flanks and/or body of the fastener, where the inner channel is in fluid communication with a liquid supply tube providing the 2700 seed firmer in fluid communication with the fluid source. The fluid source can be mounted on the farm line unit, on the toolbar, elsewhere on the planter, on a separately pulled cart, or on the tractor. In the illustrated embodiment, fluid outlet 2734 is formed in a transversely distal end of flank 2730. In other embodiments, fluid outlet 2734 may be formed in a transversely medial portion of flank 2730 or adjacent to the body of fastener 2710. illustrated, fluid outlet 2734 is formed in a lower surface of flank 2730 and arranged to dispense fluid in a generally downward direction (e.g., normal to the lower surface of the flank). In other embodiments, fluid outlet 2734 may be formed at the outer distal tip of flank 2730 and arranged to dispense fluid in an out-of-edge direction. In other embodiments, fluid outlet 2734 may be formed on an upper surface of flank 2730 and arranged to dispense fluid in a generally upward direction (e.g., normal to the upper surface of the flank). Preferably, fluid outlet 2734 is laterally spaced from the transverse center of firm body 2710 by a distance selected to prevent "burning" of seed deposited at the bottom of the pit by liquid applied through the fluid outlet. For example, fluid outlet 2734 may be laterally spaced from the transverse center of fastener body 2710 by a distance between 0.5 inch and 3 inches (13 mm and 76 mm), e.g., 1 inch (25 mm), 1 .5 inch (38 mm) or 2.5 inches (64 mm).
[000133] It is worth mentioning that the mode of the fastener 2700 may additionally contain other sensors described here, for example, those arranged at the bottom of the body of the fastener 2710).
[000134] Returning to figures 31-36, an embodiment of another firmer 3100 is illustrated, which has flanks 3132 configured to create an opening in the side wall of the planting hole and injection needles 3150 to inject liquid (eg fertilizer , such as nitrogen) inside the opening.
The fastener body 3110 preferably includes a flexible portion 3112 to maintain a resilient downward force on a tail portion 3114 of the fastener body as the fastener 3100 traverses the ground. A ground engaging portion 3120 is preferably mounted to tail portion 3114 and is preferably arranged to engage the pit and secure the seeds located at the bottom of the pit within the ground. The left and right flanks 3132-1, 3132-2 and injection needles 3150 preferably extend from the fastener 3100 at a downward angle (for example, an angle α from the vertical plane as illustrated in figure 35 ). Angle α can be between 10 and 80 degrees (eg 45 degrees). Preferably, a forward-facing edge 3134 of each flank 3132 cuts through the ground and is preferably set back in orientation, i.e. it is angled backwards relative to the lateral horizontal plane (i.e., normal to the implement's direction of travel) at an angle between 10 and 80 degrees (for example, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, or 70 degrees).
[000136] A pipe 3140 is preferably configured to receive liquid and distribute that liquid throughout the pit (eg through openings created by flanks 3132). As illustrated in Figure 36, liquid is preferably introduced through an inlet 3142 of tubing 3140 through a flexible tube (not shown). Inlet 3142 is preferably in fluid communication with innerducts 3152 of each injection needle 3150 via outlets 3144.
[000137] During installation, a flank body 3130 is preferably inserted into the slot 3122 of the floor fitting portion 3120. The flank body 3130 is preferably retained in the slot 3122 by mounting the pipe 3140 at a terminal end of the portion floor fitting 3120. It is worth mentioning that the flank body 3130 can be removed and replaced by removing the 3140 tubing (for example, removing the screws shown in figure 35). Injection needles 3150 can be removably inserted into tubing 3140 (e.g., by means of threading) or can be permanently installed in tubing (e.g., by pressure, soldering, brazing, or an adhesive).
[000138] During operation, flanks 3132 preferably open side pits 37 in the side walls of pit 38 and liquid is pumped from a source of liquid, through injection needles 3150 and into the side pits. It is worth mentioning that the position of the 3150 injection needles directly behind the 3132 flanks allows the injection needles to travel through the side holes opened by the flanks as the implement crosses the field.
[000139] In some embodiments, flanks 3132 may be supplemented or replaced by another structure mounted on the holder configured to open the side pits 37. In some examples, a movable cutting surface, such as a circular and rotating blade, may be provided on the side of the seed firmer to open the side pits 37. In some arrangements, flanks may be omitted. In some of these embodiments, injection needles can be omitted and liquid applied through a level opening or slightly raised from the surface of the seed firm. In some of these embodiments, the opening may be relatively small and the pressure of the applied liquid may be increased so as to insert the liquid into the side walls of the pit 38 by spraying pressurized liquid into the side walls instead of or beyond the opening of the side pits 37.
[000140] In some embodiments, injection needles and flanks (or a similar structure for opening side pits and injecting liquid) may be provided on a structure other than a seed firmer arranged to open and fertilize side pits in the planting pit 38 or in another pit. In some examples, the injection needles and flanks can be mounted on the scarifier that extends into the pit (eg, in a modified modality of the scarifier 254), on a set of closing wheels, or on a support or additional mounting structure depending on the agricultural line unit.
[000141] It is worth mentioning that the various components of the 3100 firmer modality may have materials with varying properties. Flexible portion 3112 and tail portion 3114 may be made from plastic, such as a nylon or acetal (e.g., Delrin). The floor engaging portion 3120 may be made from a metal such as steel or cobalt. The floor engaging portion 3120 may be provided with an insert or wear resistant layer such as tungsten carbide. The floor engaging portion 3120 may be provided with a non-stick coating, such as Teflon. Flanks 3132 can be made from a metal, such as steel or stainless steel. The edge 3134 of each flank and/or the entire flank 3132 can be provided with a wear resistant layer such as tungsten carbide. The 3150 injection needles can be made from a metal such as steel or stainless steel. Tubing 3140 can be made from an acetal (eg, Delrin), a nylon, a plastic, or a metal (eg, aluminum, steel, or powdered metal).
[000142] In other embodiments, alternatively or in addition to creating side holes in the side walls of the pit for application of liquid adjacent to the pit, left and right opening disc assemblies can be used to open pits transversely adjacent to the pit (by (eg, two inches from the center of the pit and/or immediately adjacent to the edge of the pit) and liquid conduits can be used to direct liquid fertilizer into adjacent pits. The cleavage disc assemblies may comprise a single disc coulter (e.g., a vertical disc coulter) or a pair of cleavage discs configured to open a V-shaped pit similar to the planting pit. The systems and methods described here for controlling the amount and type of liquid applied to side pits could also be used to control the amount and type of liquid applied to adjacent pits.
[000143] In other embodiments, alternatively or in addition to creating side pits in the side walls of the pit for application of liquid adjacent to the pit, left and right liquid conduits can be used to direct liquid fertilizer into locations on the surface of the pit. soil adjacent to the pit (eg, two inches from the center of the pit and/or immediately adjacent to the edge of the pit). The systems and methods described here for controlling the amount and type of liquid applied to the side pits could also be used to control the quantity and type of liquid applied to the soil surface adjacent to the pit.
[000144] With reference to Figure 37, an embodiment 300A of the system 300 of Figure 3 is illustrated further including an apparatus and systems for applying liquid into a pit or pits (e.g., side pits opened in the side walls of a or more planting holes opened by planting row units 200). A processor such as implement monitor 50 is preferably in data communication (e.g., electrical or wireless communication) with one or more 3710 liquid rate controllers configured to control the flow rate and/or pressure in the which liquid is dispensed from a 3705 liquid container that can be supported by the implement 10. The liquid rate controller can comprise a pump and/or a variable rate fluid control valve. Liquid container 3705 is preferably in fluid communication with a plurality of line units 200, preferably via liquid rate controller 3710. System 300 may include a liquid rate controller in fluid communication with all or a subset (eg a planter section) of row units 200 supported on the toolbar 14. In other embodiments, a separate liquid controller can be associated with each agricultural row unit 200 to control the flow rate and /or the liquid application pressure in that agricultural line unit; in such embodiments, each liquid controller can be mounted to its associated agricultural line unit. During operation of the 300A system, the liquid rate controller or controllers 3710 preferably vary the application rate rate as the implement traverses the field based on a prescription map, associating the desired application rates with locations (eg, geographically referenced locations, raster data, management zones, polygons) in the field. In some of these modalities, locations in the field that have the same soil type or other soil characteristic can be associated with the same flow rates.
[000145] Continuing with reference to Figure 37, system 300A may also include one or more orifices to control the rate of liquid application. The holes are preferably removable and replaceable by the operator, for example to select a different rate of liquid application. In some embodiments, the liquid rate controller 3710 is in fluid communication with an upstream orifice 3710. The upstream orifice 3715 may comprise a replaceable orifice plate selected from a group of orifice plates that have orifices of varying widths. (eg, those boards available from Schafert Mfg. Co. in Indianola, Nebraska or TeeJet in Wheaton, Illinois). In other embodiments, upstream orifice 3715 may comprise a replaceable flexible tube selected from a group of flexible tubes having varying internal diameters. In some embodiments, the liquid rate controller 3710 is in fluid communication with one or more end holes 3720. End holes can be made in a terminal end of a fluid transmission line (e.g., in a flexible tube). For example, liquid may exit end holes 3720 directly into the pit or from a side pit. In some embodiments, end holes 3720 may comprise liquid injection needles 3150 (see Figure 36), which may be selected from a group of injection needles that have varying internal diameters. In some embodiments, end holes 3720 may comprise removable holes made over or near the terminal ends of injection needles 3150. In some embodiments, end holes may comprise the smallest hole of system 300A.
[000146] Continuing with reference to Fig. 37, in some embodiments, system 300A may also include an air controller 3730 to selectably direct and/or vary the air flow rate from an air pressure source P (eg an impeller such as a blower used to supply seed from a filling tank to the line units 200) to the line units 200 (eg through the upstream hole 3715 or the holes terminals 3720). The 3700 air controller may comprise a shut-off valve and/or a flow control valve. Monitor 50 is preferably in data communication with air controller 3730 and, preferably selectively, opens and/or varies the air flow rate of agricultural line unit 200 (e.g., holder 3100). In operation, the 3730 air controller can be opened or its flow rate selected based on a manual register (for example, a register within the GUI of monitor 50). In other embodiments, the 3730 air controller can be opened or its flow rate selected during the identification of a predetermined event (e.g., a period of time, activation of the liquid rate controller, deactivation of the rate controller of liquid, or a signal sent from the liquid rate controller or flow sensor indicative of flow rates along one or more upstream ports 3715 and/or end ports 3720).
[000147] Returning to figures 38 and 39, an embodiment of another seed firmer 3800, which has liquid application structures, is illustrated. It is worth mentioning that the application of liquid made by the seed firmer 3800 can also be carried out, in other modalities, by another structure placed on a planter or other implement.
[000148] The seed firm 3800 preferably includes a flexible portion 3810 mounted to the planter and configured to resiliently apply pressure to a tail portion 3820 of the seed firm. The seed firm 3800 also preferably includes a side application portion 3830 and a groove application portion 3840. The portions 3830, 3840 may comprise modular components which can be selectively mounted to the tail portion 3820 and/ or each other. In other embodiments, portions 3820, 3830, 3840 may alternatively comprise portions of a unitary component.
[000149] The application side portion 3830 preferably includes a left flank 3838-1 and a right flank 3838-2 arranged to open lateral pits in the main seed pit 38. Preferably, the flanks 3838 extend in a manner generally horizontal from the side of seed firm 3800. Flanks 3838 are preferably disposed toward a vertically upper end of application side portion 3830. Application side portion 3840 also preferably includes a liquid application inlet 3832 in fluid communication with a left liquid outlet 3836-1 and a right liquid outlet 3836-2, preferably via innerducts 3834-1 and 3834-2, respectively. In operation, flanks 3838 preferably open side pits in a seed furrow and liquid (eg, fertilizer) is deposited in the side pits through liquid outlets 3836.
[000150] The groove application portion 3840 preferably includes a liquid application inlet 3842 in fluid communication with the liquid outlet 3846, preferably by means of an innerduct 3834. The liquid outlet 3846 is preferably arranged to deposit liquid in a seed furrow. Liquid outlet 3846 may be arranged to deposit liquid directly onto seeds 42 in a seed furrow. In other embodiments, the liquid outlet 3846 may comprise a separator having two outlets arranged to deposit liquid in the side walls of the seed furrow.
[000151] Again, with reference to figure 38, an application control system 3900 is illustrated in fluid communication (eg via a flexible hose) with liquid inlets 3832, 3842 for supplying the fluid to be applied via fluid outlets 3836, 3846, respectively. Each of the liquid inlets 3832, 3842 is preferably in fluid communication with an application sensor 3940 (e.g. a fluid flow rate sensor, a fluid pressure sensor, a fluid block sensor), a sensor application 3930 (e.g., a fluid flow control valve, a fluid pressure control valve, a fluid open and close solenoid valve, a selectively scalable and/or replaceable fluid orifice) and an application impeller (eg a liquid pump). Each of the 3920 application pusher, the 3930 application controller and the 3940 application sensor is preferably in data communication (e.g., electronic communication, electrical communication, wireless communication) with the implement monitor 50 to receive data signals. control from the implement monitor and to send measurement and other output signals to the implement monitor. Application control system 3900 is preferably in fluid communication with one or more input sources 3910 (e.g., via a flexible hose).
[000152] In operation, the 3920 application impeller drives fluid from the 3910 input source at a rate that can be controlled by the implement monitor 50. The application controller selectively controls a fluid flow parameter (by e.g., pressure, flow rate) of the fluid being propelled from the 3910 input source. A fluid flow parameter (eg, pressure, flow rate) of the fluid flowing from the 3910 input source is preferably measured by an application sensor 3940 before the fluid mixes with the liquid 3842 and/or 3832.
[000153] In the illustrated embodiment, each of the liquid inputs 3832, 3842 is in fluid communication with separate input sources, application thrusters, application controllers and application sensors. In some implementations of such modality, input sources 3910a and 3910b may contain different fluids (eg different types of fertilizer, liquid insecticide). In some examples, input source 3910 contains a fertilizer comprising phosphorus, potassium, and nitrogen (for example, a 7-23-5 starter fertilizer, such as an XLR-rate starter fertilizer available from CHS Inc. in Grove Alturas, Minnesota ) for application in furrows via fluid outlet 3846, and inlet source 3910b contains a fertilizer comprising nitrogen (eg 28% fertilizer with nitrogen). In such or other embodiments, the furrow application rate maintained by a 3920a application impeller and/or a 3930a controller is less than the side pit application rate (i.e., the total rate applied to both side pits ) maintained by a 3920b application impeller and/or 3930b controller. For example, the furrow application rate can be in a range of 0 to 5 gallons per acre (from 0 to 468 liters per hectare) while the side pit application rate (ie, the total rate applied to both pits sides) can be in a range of 5 to 15 gallons per acre (47 to 140 liters per hectare). It is worth mentioning that the application rate in the modalities described here can be controlled by determining the fluid application rate necessary to obtain a desired application rate per area (for example, gallons per acre or liters per hectare) based the width of the implement, the number of liquid application lines and the speed reported by a speed sensor (eg radar, GPS system).
[000154] In some embodiments, a single 3900 application control system may be in fluid communication with the 3842 and/or 3832 liquid inlets over a plurality of 3800 seed holders (e.g., holders within a section or subsector. row units on the planter or all fasteners on the planter), or just on a single 3800 seed fastener to provide line-by-row control and monitoring of furrow and/or side pit application.
[000155] Returning to figures 40-42, an embodiment of liquid application set 5000 is illustrated. The liquid application assembly 5000 is preferably mounted on the ripper of an implement, such as a row planter unit (or in some embodiments, on another component of the planter or agricultural row unit, for example, a seed tube or conveyor row unit seed) at a front end by a mounting bracket 5010. The liquid application assembly 5000 can be stabilized (eg, parallel or perpendicular to the implement travel direction) by a stabilizer arm 5020. The stabilization arm can have its front end mounted on the 5010 mounting bracket and its rear end mounted on a component of the implement (for example, on the sub-frame of the agricultural line unit and/or the closing wheel set of a line unit planter).
[000156] A scarifier 5030 of the liquid application set 5000 preferably extends downwards towards the ground. A pivot arm 5040 is preferably pivotally mounted on the ripper 5030 on a pivot 5035, preferably to pivot about a geometric axis perpendicular to the implement's direction of travel. A biasing element (eg, a spring, such as a torsion spring) preferably biases pivot arm 5040 (eg, along the clockwise direction in the view of Figure 40) against a latch 5032. the 5070 liquid conduit is rigidly mounted to the pivot arm. In some embodiments, the vertical position of the liquid conduit 5070 is preferably user adjustable, such as sliding the liquid conduit to a desired vertical position and then selectively locking a locking mechanism to secure. rigidly the liquid conduit on the pivot arm. The liquid conduit preferably includes a liquid inlet (not shown) in fluid communication with two outlets 5072-1, 5072-2 which preferably extend respectively along the left and right side walls of the pit.
[000157] A side pit opener 5050 is preferably detachably mounted in the liquid conduit 5070; (e.g., being slidably received in the slit 5075 formed in the liquid conduit). Side pit opener 5050 preferably includes flanks 5052-1, 5052-2 which preferably extend respectively into the left and right side walls of the pit. Flanks 5052-1, 5052-2 are preferably positioned respectively in front of outlets 5072-1, 5072-2 so that the outlets extend into the side holes opened by the flanks during operation. In operation, a liquid such as a liquid fertilizer is preferably applied to the side pits via outlets 5072. The liquid application assembly 5000 preferably includes a seed holder 5060 having a ground engaging portion 5062, the which preferably resiliently fits the bottom and side walls of the pit during operation.
[000158] In operation, the elastic inclination of the pivot arm 5040 against the latch 5032 preferably retains the side pit opener in a floor engagement position, in which the flanks form side pits in a desired first vertical position (i.e. , in depth) along the side walls of the pit. If an obstruction (eg rock or hard soil) contacts the side pit opener while the implement crosses the field such that a counter-movement that exceeds the bias of the spring (eg counterclockwise in the view of figure 40 ) is imposed on the pivot arm, then pivot arm 5040 will preferably deviate (e.g. counterclockwise in the view of Figure 40) so as to overcome the obstruction without failure occurring. It is worth mentioning that a ground engaging share, blade or other device could be mounted on the inclined pivot arm instead of or in addition to the side pit opener and liquid conduit so that this other ground engaging device could also be divert in order to avoid obstructions.
[000159] In some embodiments, the 5035 pivot is a ball bearing or other joint that allows the 5040 pivot arm to pivot laterally. In these and other embodiments, the engagement of the seed holder 5060 in the pit preferably determines the lateral position of the flanks so that the flanks move laterally as the lateral position of the pit varies during operation. In other words, since the lateral position of the seed firmer 5060 is fixed by their engagement with the side walls of the pit, and the seed firmer and the side pit opener are rigidly attached to the liquid conduit, the variation in lateral position of the pit causes corresponding lateral movement of the seed firmer, which in turn causes corresponding lateral movement of the lateral pit opener. In this way, the lateral position of the lateral pit opener (which includes the flanks) is classified as the lateral position of the pit, so that the extent to which the flanks extend into the side walls of the pit is constant regardless of the variation in the lateral position of the pit. It is worth mentioning that the position of the side pit opener in relation to the pit may be defined by another ground-engaging structure, such as a plowshare or cover wheel.
[000160] It is worth mentioning that during the operation of the liquid application set 5000, preferably, the vertical position of the seed firm is mechanically disconnected from the vertical position of the lateral pit opener for the seed firm (which is fits into the bottom of the pit) can deviate vertically from seeds and other objects while the vertical position of the side pit opener (which preferably does not fit into the bottom of the pit) is maintained, as well as the vertical position (depth) of the lateral pits opened by the flanks.
[000161] In some embodiments, the seed firm 5060 may be mounted to other components of the liquid application assembly 5000 and may be arranged to fit the pit in different positions relative to the location in which the side pit opener fits in the pit. In some embodiments, seed firmer 5060 may be mounted in front (e.g., to the left in the view of Figure 40) of side hole opener 5050. In some of these arrangements, seed firmer may extend at least partially underneath of the side pit opener. In some of these embodiments, the seed holder may also be resiliently biased against the pit by an alternative additional structure, such as a torsion spring.
[000162] In some embodiments, the liquid application assembly may additionally include a liquid routing structure (eg flexible tubing, rigid tubes) positioned to apply liquid (eg same or different type of liquid). liquid applied directly to the pit) on the surface of the ground from one or both sides of the pit.
[000163] Returning to figure 43, an embodiment of another liquid application set 6000 is illustrated. Assembly 6000 includes a seed firmer 6050 that resiliently fits into the bottom of the pit longitudinally in front of a side hole opener 6060. Mounting Bracket 6080. Bracket 6080 can be pivotally mounted to a bracket 6090 which is preferably detachably mounted to the aerator of the agricultural line unit. Bracket 6080 preferably rotates about a shaft A-43 relative to bracket 6090. Shaft A-43 preferably intersects a longitudinally extending vertical plane and the bottom of the pit. In this way, fastener 6050 and side pit opener 6060 can rotate about axis A-43 during operation. Since the fastener 6050 preferably fits into the bottom of the pit and is fitted from both sides to the side walls of the pit, the fastener preferably moves in accordance with the lateral position of the pit as the implement traverses the field, thereby guiding or "directing" the lateral position of the side pit opener 6060 and maintaining consistent the extent of the side pits within the side walls of the pit. Preferably, the side pit opener 6060 is substantially similar to the side pit opener 5050 of Figure 40 and thus preferably includes a removable liquid conduit 6070 substantially similar to the liquid conduit 5070 for supplying liquid to the pits. sides.
[000164] Returning to figures 44-46, an embodiment of another liquid application set 7000 is illustrated. The front support 7210 is preferably mounted to the downwardly extending scarifier 254 of the agricultural line unit sub-frame 253. A rear support 7310 is preferably mounted to the agricultural line unit sub-frame 253 (e.g., by a tab 7312 that may be mounted using a bolt that secures the closure wheel assembly 236 to the sub-frame of the agricultural line unit 253). Front support 7210 and rear support 7310 preferably cooperate with each other to maintain a geometric axis A-44 defined by a pivot P-4 of liquid application assembly 7000 in line with the sub-frame of agricultural line unit 253. front 7210 can be mounted (eg by screws) or formed as a unitary piece with the rear 7310 bracket. A 7400 mounting insert is preferably received (eg during a first toolless installation move) at least partially within an opening 7212 in the front support 7210. A flexible tab 7410 of the mounting insert 7400 is preferably received (e.g., during a second tool-less installation movement) in an opening in the rear support 7310. of installation, the 7400 mounting insert is preferably held in place with respect to the front and rear brackets until removal occurs (e.g. tool) by deforming (e.g., back deforming) the flexible tab 7410 and sliding the insert 7400 down and out of the openings in the front and rear supports.
[000165] Continuing with reference to Figures 44-46 and the liquid application assembly 7000, a housing 7090 is preferably pivotally mounted to the mounting insert 7400 around pivot P-4 (e.g. a pin). Pivot P-4 preferably defines the axis A-44, which is preferably aligned with the opening discs and with the extension of the planting hole 38. The axis A-44 preferably descends along the direction implement path (for example, on the right in the figure 44 view). The P-4 pivot allows the liquid application system to warp out of the way when rocks or other hard debris is encountered, and the P-4 pivot can allow the liquid application system to rotate and remain in the pit when the planter row unit rotate.
[000166] A seed holder 7050 of the liquid application set 7000 is preferably detachably mounted (e.g., without the use of tools) on a front end of the housing 7090 by means of its partial insertion into the housing and securing of a flexible tab 7052 on an edge of the housing 7090, which flexible tab can be released by deforming (e.g., without the use of tools) its lower end, allowing removal of the seed holder from within the housing 7090. When installed over housing 7090, seed firm 7050 is preferably disposed in substantially longitudinal alignment with planting pit 38 and preferably resiliently contacts the pit to firm seed within a duct thereof. An upwardly extending portion 7054 of the seed firm preferably blocks the flow and/or accumulation of residue between the seed firm 7050 and housing 7090 during planting operations. Although the 7050 Seed Firmer is not required, the inclusion of the 7050 Seed Firmer provides the benefit of acting as a guide and/or rudder to keep the liquid application system towards the center of the pit.
[000167] A liquid application sub-assembly 7070 is preferably mounted in the housing 7090. An arm 7078 of the liquid application sub-assembly 7070 is preferably adjustably mounted in the housing 7090, as described in more detail below. Flank body 7060 of liquid application subassembly 7070 is preferably removably mounted to a lower end of arm 7078 so that the position of arm 7078 determines the position of flanks 7062 of the flank body with respect to the pit and, therefrom. way, the height of the lateral pits opened in the pit by the flanks. A liquid tubing 7072 is preferably detachably mounted to a rear end of arm 7078 (e.g., connecting a groove 7075 of the tubing with a corresponding inner tongue of flank body 7060 and releasably securing a flexible tab 7073 to arm 7078) for the position of arm 7078 to determine the position of injection needles 7750 extending from tubing 7072 with respect to the pit. Pipe 7072 preferably includes a first liquid inlet 7140 in fluid communication with a central outlet 7740 arranged to deposit liquid onto the transverse center of pit 38 (e.g., on top of seeds located at the bottom of the pit) and a second inlet. of liquid 7150 in fluid communication with injection needles 7750 for the deposition of liquid within the side walls of the pit (eg, within side pits opened by flanks 7062). Injection needles 7750 are preferably longitudinally disposed rearward of flanks 7062 so that the injection needles extend into the side pits created by the flanks in the side walls of the pit.
[000168] The height of the 7078 arm is preferably user adjustable without the use of tools. For example, the 7078 arm can be mounted to a 7080 height adjuster arm that is pivotally mounted to the 7090 housing on a P-1 pivot. The height of arm 7078 is thus determined by the angular position of height adjusting arm 7080 around pivot Pl, which can be adjusted by selective fit pins 7082 of arm 7080 in a subseries of holes 7092 in housing 7090, holes 7092 having variable vertical positions (eg, along a semicircular path as illustrated). Pins 7082 may be selectively engaged and disengaged from holes 7092 by offsetting (e.g., moving or compressing) height adjusting arm 7080 relative to housing 7090 to adjust the position of height adjusting arm 7080.
[000169] Preferably, the height and/or orientation of the flank body 7060 and/or the tubing 7072 is resiliently displaceable during planting operations. For example, the 7078 arm can be pivotally mounted to the 7080 arm (eg, on a P-2 pivot), allowing the flank body and piping to move during operation (eg, upon contact with waste or an obstruction in the field). However, for resilient return of the flank body and tubing to a desired position after a deviation, a spring 7500 is preferably mounted in the housing 7090 at a first end thereof (eg on a P-3 pivot) and mounted on the upper end of the 7078 arm, on a second end of the arm (for example, on a P-5) pivot. Spring 7500 can be a tension spring, a compression spring, a coil spring, an air suspension, or other resilient device that is in an undeformed state when the arm 7078 is in a first position (e.g., position desired), and in a deformed state when arm 7078 is shifted to a second position (e.g., unwanted position). Optionally, the tension of the 7500 spring can be adjusted by the 7501 clamp.
[000170] It is worth mentioning that the liquid application subassembly 7070 and the seed firmer 7050 rotate with the housing 7090 around the geometric axis P-4 in relation to the sub-frame of the agricultural line unit 253. Thus, when the position The side of the pit 38 in relation to the frame of the agricultural line unit moves transversely to the direction of travel, the fitting of the seed holder 7050 at the bottom of the pit causes the seed holder to deviate transversely with the pit 38 and, from that In this way, bypass (e.g., guide or "steer") the liquid application subassembly 7070 to rotate and bypass with displacement in the pit position, thus ensuring desirable liquid deposition relative to the pit.
[000171] Returning to figure 47, a 4700 liquid control system is illustrated to selectively control and monitor the flow of liquid containers 4705a and 4705b (which may contain the same liquid or different liquids) to the central 7740 outlet and the left and right injection needles 7750-1, 7750-2 (collectively called "selective outlets"). Check valves 4710 are preferably in fluid communication, with the liquid containers positioned in series with associated leakage of liquid from the 4705 containers in operational states in which fluid does not flow from one of the containers to the selective outlets. Preferably, a selective valve selectively positions one or more 4705 containers in one or more selective outlets. For example, valve 4715 may have some or all of the following positions: (1) a first position in which the first liquid container 4705a is in fluid communication with both the center outlet 7740 and injection needles 7750-1, 7750-2; (2) a second position in which the second liquid container 4705b is in fluid communication with both the center outlet 7740 and injection needles 7750-1, 7750-2; (3) a third position in which the first liquid container 4705a is in fluid communication with the central outlet 7740 and the second liquid container 4705b is in fluid communication with the injection needles 7750-1, 7750-2; (4) a fourth position in which the first liquid container 4705a is in fluid communication with the central outlet and there is no liquid flow from the injection needles; (5) a fifth position in which the first liquid container 4705a is in fluid communication with the injection needles and there is no liquid flow from the central outlet; (6) a sixth position in which the second liquid container 4705b is in fluid communication with the central outlet and there is no liquid flow from the injection needles; (7) a seventh position in which the first liquid container 4705b is in fluid communication with the injection needles and there is no liquid flow from the central outlet; and (8) an eighth position in which there is no liquid flow from the center outlet or injection needles. Optionally, a filter (not shown) can be arranged in the liquid system to filter the liquid at any time before the liquid reaches an outlet. For example, a filter could be arranged at the beginning of the first input 7140 and/or at the beginning of the second input 7150.
[000172] The 4715 selective valve may comprise one or more directional flow control valves which may be adjustable manually or by an electronic control (eg via data communication with the implement monitor 50). Selective valve 4715 may also comprise a repositionable valve, which may be in part manually disassembled and modified to one of the positions described above prior to reassembly. The 4725 flow controllers can be one or more manually adjustable flow controllers (eg, replaceable orifices) or rate control valves controlled by the implement monitor 50. A 4720 flow sensor can be associated with each branch of the 4700 system to separately detect the flow rate at the central outlet and at the injection needles. In modalities where the implement monitor 50 controls the direction and/or rate of liquid application as described above, the implement monitor can query a liquid prescription stored in memory and select a desired combination of flow rates and types of liquid to be deposited through injection needles and/or central outlet; for example, the liquid prescription can associate a desired combination with each geographically referenced field location in the liquid prescription, and monitor 50 can determine the geographically referenced location of the planter (and/or specific agricultural line unit) reported by the receiver GPS 52 to identify the currently desired combination. Preferably, the monitor then controls the selective valve 4715 and/or the 4725 flow controllers to deliver the desired combination of fluid types and flow rates through the central injection and/or outlet needles. It is worth mentioning that although a single branch of the 4700 control system is associated with both 7750 injection needles, a separate branch could be associated with each needle to allow application of a single liquid type and/or rate through the central outlet. , the left injection needle and the right injection needle.
[000173] Referring to Fig. 48, a flow balancing valve 7160 can be arranged prior to supplying the first liquid inlet 7140 and the second liquid inlet 7150 to regulate the flow of liquid between the central outlet 7740 and the needles. injection 7750. In such an embodiment, the flow balancing valve 7160 is connected to the first liquid inlet 7140 through hose 7141 and to the second liquid inlet 7150 through hose 7151. The flow going to the central outlet 7740 and for injection needles 7750-1, 77502 can be selected to have any desired division of fluid flow. In one modality, the flow is set at a value around one third of the 7150 hose and around two thirds of the 7141 hose. In such a modality, the flow will then be about one third of the central 7740 outlet and one third of each side wall of seed hole 38 after flow is split between needles 7750-1 and 7750-2. The use of the 7160 Flow Balance Valve will keep the flow in the center of pit 38 and the side walls of pit 38 consistent if the 7750-1 or 7750-2 needle is obstructed by ground, thus preventing all fluid flow from going to the center of the seed pit 38 where the seed 42 is located, which prevents damage to the seed in case of overfertilisation.
[000174] Figures 48 and 49 show the main liquid passage 7142 through the pipe body 7072 from the first liquid inlet 7140 and the Y passages 7144, 7146 to the respective needles 7750-1, 7750-2. Liquid passage 7148 is also shown through tubing body 7072 from second liquid inlet 7150 to center outlet 7740.
[000175] Any of the needles in the above embodiments (such as 3150 or 7750 (7750-1, 7750-2)) may include an automatic opening valve disposed at the needle outlet. It is worth mentioning that under certain conditions, earth may enter the nozzle causing its obstruction. Consequently, sealing the needle during fluid flow can help prevent ground from clogging the needle. The self-opening valve can be any type of elastomeric valve that opens when a desired amount of pressure difference is applied across the valve. Examples of elastomeric valves include, but are not limited to: duckbill-type valves, dome-type valves, cross-slit valves, and slotted valves. Fig. 50A is an example of a 7170 self-opening valve (duckbill type) shown disposed over the outlet of needles 7750-1, 7750-2.
[000176] Figures 50B-50C are cross-sectional views of tubing 7072 along section lines XX of figure 48 showing another modality of self-opening valves 7180 that can be arranged on needles 7750-1, 7750-2 to seal the 7181 needle openings when there is no liquid flow to help prevent ground ingress into the openings, which could cause a blockage when flow is resumed. Self-opening valves 7180 comprise a valve stem 7182 with a valve head 7184 on a distal end and a piston 7186 on a proximal end of the valve stem 7182. The piston 7186 is seated within a bore 7188 and is tilted to off by a spring 7190 which causes valve head 7184 to rest within opening 7181 of needle 7750-1, 7750-2 when there is no liquid flow within main passage 7142, as illustrated by Fig. 50B. However, there is liquid flow within the main passage 7142, the pressure acts on the bottom of the piston 7186 forcing the piston to compress the spring 7190, which causes the valve stem 7182 to move upwards, as shown in figure 50C , disengaging valve head 7184 from opening 7181, which allows liquid outlet as shown in figure 50C. Locks 7192 may be provided to limit the path of piston 7186 beyond the end of bore 7188 and prevent valve stem 7182 from falling out of the needle opening. It is worth mentioning that the valve stems are vertically offset relative to one another to prevent interference when the stems cross the middle of the 7142 main passage. It is also worth mentioning that instead of tilting the 7186 piston with a 7190 spring, a diaphragm (not shown) or any other suitable tilt element can be used to tilt the 7186 piston.
[000177] Referring to Fig. 51, an image capture apparatus 8000 is illustrated which incorporates an 8020 camera mounted on an 8010 extension. The 8010 extension can be removably mounted on a portion of an agricultural line unit, such as as a lower end of the scarifier 254. The camera 8020 is preferably oriented to capture images of the pit and may be oriented rearward (e.g., away from the direction of travel) and disposed at least partially within the pit 38 (e.g. , at least partially below the surface. It is worth mentioning that the camera 8020 is mounted in front of the closing system 236 and to the rear of the leading edge of the opening disks 244 (for example, at least partially laterally between the opening disks ). In modes where the 8020 camera is adjacent to the aperture disks 244, one or more 8012 wear-resistant guards (composed, for example, of tungsten carbide or other material wear resistant material) are preferably mounted to one side of the extension 8010 and preferably extend laterally outward so that their laterally terminal ends are disposed between the camera 8020 and the aperture disks 244 to protect the camera from contact. with the opening discs. A light source 8030 (e.g., LED) is preferably mounted on extension 8010 and preferably arranged to illuminate pit 38 and/or ground surface 40 so as to enhance image capture quality. The image or images captured by camera 8020 preferably include the side walls of the pit, the bottom of the pit and/or the upper surface of the ground surface 40. The camera may be disposed in front of the seed holder 400, as illustrated, and can be arranged to capture an image of the seeds. The camera may be a camcorder and/or a still image camera, and is preferably in data communication with the implement monitor 50 to transmit images to the implement monitor which are displayed to the user and/or for association with a location (eg geographically referenced location) in the field where images are captured and for storage in implement monitor memory and/or on a remote server.
[000178] Returning to Fig. 52, the implement monitor 50 preferably displays a screen 8100 that includes an image 8110 (eg video or static image) that includes the ground surface 40, residue 43 on the ground surface, pit 38 with its side walls 38r, 381 and duct 38t thereof, and seeds 42 disposed at the bottom of the pit.
[000179] The screen 8100 preferably includes a line identification window 8120 which identifies which line is associated with the displayed image. Selecting one of the arrows in line identification window 8120 preferably commands monitor 50 to load a new screen that includes an image associated with another line other than the implement (e.g., captured by a second associated image capture apparatus with this what another different line).
[000180] Screen 8100 preferably includes numerical or other indications of soil or seed data that monitor 50 can determine by analyzing one or more images 8110 or a portion or portions thereof.
[000181] The 8130 soil data measurement window preferably displays a soil moisture value associated with the soil in pit 38. The soil moisture value can be based on an analysis of the 8110 image (eg the portion of the image corresponding to sidewalls 38r, 381). In general, the 8110 image can be used to determine the moisture value by referencing a database that correlates image characteristics (eg, color, reflectivity) with the moisture value. To aid in determining the moisture value, one or more images can be captured at one or more wavelengths; wavelengths can be selected so that the statistical correlation strength of the image features (or an arithmetic combination of the image features) with moisture at one or more wavelengths is within a desired range of correlation strength. . The wavelength or amplitude of the light waves generated by the 8030 light source can also be varied to increase image quality at selected image capture wavelengths or to otherwise match selected image capture wavelengths . In some deployments, the pit may be divided into portions with different estimated moistures (eg, the sidewall portions 381 above and below moisture line 38d) and both moistures and/or the depth at which the moisture value changes (eg the depth of moisture line 38d) can be entered from the 8100 screen. It is worth mentioning that the moisture values can be spatially mapped using a map similar to the map shown in figure 21B. It is also worth mentioning that a similar method and approach can be used to determine and report non-moisture soil data (eg soil temperature, soil texture, soil color) based on one or more captured images.
[000182] The agronomic property window 8140 window preferably displays an agronomic property value (eg, residue density, pit depth, pit collapse percentage, pit shape), which can be estimated using image analysis 8110. For example, the density of the residue can be calculated using the steps to (1) calculate the surface area of the ground (eg, by identifying and measuring an area of the identified ground surface region based on camera orientation and pit depth, or based on ground surface color), (2) calculate an area covered with residue by determining an area of the ground surface region covered by (for example , by identifying the total area of the soil surface covered by residue, where the residue can be identified by areas with a lighter color than a constant threshold or by more than a threshold percentage lighter than a color average of the soil surface region), and (3) divide the area covered with residue by the surface area of the soil.
[000183] Planting criterion window 8150 preferably displays a planting criterion such as spacing between seeds, seed fragmentation or seed population. Planting criteria can be calculated using a seed sensor and the algorithms described in U.S. Patent number 8,078,367, incorporated herein by reference ("'367 patent application"). In some implementations, algorithms similar to those described in the '367 patent application can be used in conjunction with the distance between seeds calculated with reference to image 8110. For example, monitor 50 can (1) identify a plurality of seeds in image 8110 ( for example, by identifying regions in the image with a range of colors empirically associated with the seeds); (2) identify one or more image distances between adjacent seeds (eg, measuring the length of a line on the image between the centroids of the seeds); (3) converting distances between images to "real-space" distances using a mathematical and/or empirical relationship between the distances that extend across the pit in the image and corresponding distances that extend across the actual pit; (4) calculate a planting criterion (eg seed population, seed spacing, seed fragmentation) based on "actual space" distances and/or distances between images.
[000184] Returning to Fig. 53, an exemplary 8200 process for selecting a line image to be displayed on the 8100 screen is illustrated. It is worth mentioning that because multiple line units can incorporate an image capture device, it may be undesirable to display images from all these line units simultaneously. Instead, at step 8205, monitor 50 preferably displays successive line images (i.e. still or video images captured by successive line units) by presenting a new line image at a regular interval (e.g., 10 seconds, 30 seconds, one minute). For example, a first still image or video stream from a first image capture apparatus on a first farm line unit may be displayed until the expiration of a first regular interval, at which time a second still image or video stream from a second image capture apparatus on a second agricultural row unit may be displayed until the expiration of a second regular interval. Step 8210 is preferably performed simultaneously with step 8205. In step 8210, monitor 50 preferably compares an alarm value in each farm line unit with an associated alarm threshold. The alarm value can correspond to a soil measurement value (eg soil moisture, soil temperature, soil texture, soil color, soil reflectivity, soil reflectivity variation) which can be estimated based on line image analysis or measured by another soil characteristic sensor associated with the farm line unit; the alarm value can correspond to an agronomic property or planting criteria (eg, residue density, pit collapse, pit shape, pit depth, seed spacing, seed fragmentation, seed population, rate of fertilizer flow) which can be estimated based on line image analysis or measured by another agronomic property sensor (such as a seed sensor, fertilizer flow rate sensor, pit depth sensor). The alarm limit can comprise a selected constant value of the alarm value or a statistical function (for example, one or more standard deviations above or below the mean or arithmetic mean) of the alarm value reported by the monitor during a previous period or during an operation in a specified area (eg, 30 seconds, 30 feet of travel, any field associated with the operation). At step 8215, monitor 50 preferably identifies a line that presents an alarm condition (e.g., in which the alarm value has exceeded the alarm limit). At step 8220, monitor 50 preferably displays (e.g., on screen 8100) the line image captured by the image capture apparatus associated with the agricultural line unit exhibiting the alarm condition. Monitor 50 may optionally indicate a graphical representation of the alarm condition adjacent to the image line (eg, in a separate window) indicating the alarm or adding an attention-getting indication (eg, a red border) in a window (eg. , the soil data measurement window 8130, the agronomic properties window 8140). At step 8225, monitor 50 preferably identifies the resolution of the alarm condition (for example, allowing the user to cancel the alarm or determining that the alarm condition is no longer in effect) and preferably returns to the step 8205.
[000185] It is worth mentioning that although some modalities have been described here as liquid application sets or devices, there are structures of these sets and devices that can provide benefits and functionalities distinct from liquid deposition. For example, in operation, the side pit opener modalities described here preferentially loosen the side walls of the pit before pit closure is effected by the closure wheels (and/or other components of the closure system), reducing thus the smear and sidewall compaction. Additionally, it is worth mentioning that any of the above modalities of side pit openers can be used to loosen the pit sidewalls and reduce sidewall compaction without liquid distribution. Additionally, loose soil can be closed more quickly by the closure system, ensuring contact between seed and soil after the pit is closed. Liquid Distribution in Adjacent Pit
[000186] Although the liquid application apparatus described above is adapted to dispense liquid over the side wall of the pit, there may also be a need for liquid in the adjacent pit. For example, the liquid in the side wall of the pit can be used by a plant after its germination. As the plant grows, this liquid will be consumed by the early plant and as the root structure develops and spreads, the next stage of the plant can access the liquid applied adjacent to the pit. One benefit of having the additional source of fertilizer rather than all the fertilizer for all stages of growth is that the amount of fertilizer for all stages of growth could be too large for the seed, resulting in the seed "burning".
[000187] One embodiment of an adjacent pit liquid distribution system 9000 is shown in figures 54A-C. Dispensing system 9000 includes a relief element 9002 and a downwardly extending element 9004. The downwardly extending element 9004 includes a rigid leg 9006 to which a knife 9008 positioned over a forward portion (i.e., toward the direction) is secured. agricultural line unit path length as indicated by arrow 9003 in figures 56A-56B). A liquid distribution tube 9010 is positioned over a rear portion of the rigid leg 9006 (i.e., in a direction opposite to the direction of travel of the agricultural line unit). Fluid is sent from a liquid source (not shown) to liquid manifold 9010 by means of a liquid manifold 9012 (54A-54C) which couples to liquid manifold 9010 by means of of a 9014 coupler or other suitable connection means. The liquid can be sent through a supply driven by gravity or pressure, such as with a pump.
[000188] Relief element 9002 allows downwardly extending element 9004 to flex back and to the sides if the downwardly extending element encounters an obstruction, such as rock, while the agricultural line unit moves forward to the along the field, and it also allows the downwardly extending element 9004 to eliminate foreign debris that may accumulate on the cutting edge 9012 of the knife 9008. In one embodiment, the relief element 9002 comprises a coil spring, with the leg. rigid 9006 comprising one leg of the spiral spring rod and the other end of the spiral spring rod being bent outward to form a horizontal circuit 9016 to receive a mounting screw that attaches to a mounting plate as shown in the figure. 56A (discussed here later).
[000189] Knife 9008 can be convex in the direction of travel. This convex shape helps prevent debris from compressing between the 9018 cut edge of the 9008 knife and the ground surface.
[000190] In another embodiment, the knife 9008, the liquid distribution tube 9010 and a portion of the rigid leg 9006 can be integrally formed together, such as in a casting, as illustrated in figures 55A and 55B.
[000191] The adjacent pit liquid distribution system 9000 can be mounted (which will be discussed here later) so that the downwardly extending element 9004 is disposed substantially vertically with respect to the ground surface 40, as shown in figure 54C. Adjacent pit liquid distribution system 9000 may be arranged to angled backwards with respect to the vertical plane and away from the direction of travel 9003 (Fig. 54D). In an alternative embodiment as shown in Fig. 54E, the adjacent pit liquid dispensing system 9000A is shown with the downwardly extended element 9004 with a sharp bend or fold forming an upper portion 9020 and a lower portion 9022 with the lower portion 9022 positioned at the rear of travel direction 9003.
[000192] Any of the aforementioned embodiments of the adjacent pit liquid distribution system 9000 may be mounted to any component or structure of the row planter unit 200 at the rear of the opening system 234 so that liquid is distributed adjacent to the seed pit . As shown in figures 56A-56B, the adjacent pit liquid dispensing system 9000 is mounted on the frame of the assembly 10000 in front of the closure wheels 238 of the closure system 236. As shown in figures 57A-57B, the closure system adjacent pit liquid distribution 9000 is mounted on a frame of assembly 11000 at the rear of closure wheels 238 of closure system 236.
[000193] With reference to Figures 56A-56B, the assembly 10000 is adapted to be mounted on the row planter unit 200 behind the opening assembly 234. The assembly 10000 comprises a frame member 10002 which supports a pair of discs/shares 10010 which previously opens a crack in the ground, into which the rearward-aligned adjacent pit liquid distribution system 9000 proceeds. Disc/coulter 10010 may have a serrated edge or a smooth edge. A mounting bracket 10020 having a vertical flange 10022 and a horizontal flange 10024 is bolted or otherwise rigidly secured to each side of the frame element 10002. The horizontal flange 10024 serves as a horizontal mounting surface to secure the distribution system of liquid in adjacent pit 9000 with a bolted connection. As shown, a bolt 10026 extends through an opening (not shown) in horizontal flange 10024 and is received through horizontal circuit 9016 of relief element 9002 on the underside of the horizontal flange. Washers 10028 and a nut 10030 secure the horizontal circuit 9016 of the liquid distribution system in adjacent pit 9000 to the screw 10026 and the mounting bracket 10020. It is worth mentioning that the mounting bracket width 10020 is defined so that the adjacent pit 9000 liquid distribution system is outside pit 38, as best illustrated in the plan view of Figure 56B. it is also worth mentioning that although figure 56B shows two adjacent pit liquid distribution systems 9000 mounted in the liquid deposition assembly on both sides of seed pit 38, only one adjacent pit distribution system 9000 can be used for liquid deposition on both sides of seed pit 38. Additionally, although frame member 10002 is shown supporting disc/shares 10010 and closure wheels 238 of closure system 236, it is worth mentioning that If it is desirable to mount separate or additional planter components to the rear of the gauge wheels 248 of aperture assembly 234, they may be secured to the attached frame member 10002 on which the adjacent pit distribution system 9000 is mounted.
[000194] In an alternative embodiment shown in figure 57A-57B, the adjacent pit liquid distribution system 9000 is shown mounted on another assembly 11000. In this embodiment, the assembly comprises a frame element 11002 in which the liquid distribution system liquid in adjacent pit 9000 is mounted after or behind closure wheels 238 of closure system 236 by a mounting arm 11010 secured thereto. As in the previously described embodiment, two adjacent pit liquid distribution systems 9000 can be supported from frame element 11002 to distribute liquid on both sides of the seed pit 38, or just one liquid distribution system. in adjacent pit 9000 may be attached to frame member 11002 to distribute liquid on both sides of seed pit 38.
[000195] In one embodiment, the mounting arm 11010 is U-shaped with a front end 11012 that attaches to each side of the frame element 11002 and an L-shaped rear end 11014 forming a horizontal surface 11016. The systems adjacent pit liquid distribution tubes 9000 are attached to horizontal surface 11016 by attaching 11026 that extend through openings (not shown) in horizontal surface 10016. The end of screw 11026 that projects through the opening is received along the circuit. horizontal 9016 of relief element 9002 over bottom of horizontal surface 11016. Washers and a nut secure horizontal circuit 9016 of pit liquid distribution system adjacent 9000 to bolt 11026 and mounting arm 11010.
[000196] In an alternative embodiment shown in Fig. 57C, the mounting arm 11110 includes a U-shaped front end 11112 that attaches to each side of the assembly frame 11000. The rear end 11114 of the mounting arm 11110 has handles for outward mounts 11115 which form the horizontal mounting surface 11116 to which the adjacent pit liquid distribution system 9000 is secured by a screw 11126 which extends through an opening (not shown) in the horizontal surface 11116. the screw 11126 protruding through the opening is received along the horizontal circuit 9016 of the relief element 9002 on the underside of the horizontal surface 11116. Washers and a nut secure the horizontal circuit 9016 of the liquid distribution system in an adjacent pit 9000 screw 11126 and mounting arm 11110.
[000197] It is worth mentioning that with any 11010 or 11110 mounting arm modality, the mounting arm width is defined so that the liquid distribution system in adjacent pit 9000 is outside pit 38, as best illustrated in the view view of Fig. 57B.
[000198] As shown in Fig. 57D, the 11010 or 11110 mounting arm may be part of a leveling system attached to the 11002 frame assembly.
[000199] As previously mentioned, any of the various embodiments of the adjacent pit liquid distribution system 9000 shown in figures 54C-54E and 55A can be mounted in assemblies 10000, 11000. It is also worth mentioning that the liquid distribution system in adjacent pit 9000 can be configured to have different liquids distributed on either side of seed pit 38. The adjacent pit liquid distribution system 9000 can be used alone or in combination with liquid distributed via any of the described fasteners. above. One advantage of using them together is that one pass through the field can be eliminated, which reduces soil compaction and damage to growing plants. In addition, the liquid can be the same or a different type than the liquid delivered through any of the above-described firmers, thereby allowing for the customization of liquids (such as fertilizers) that meet the needs of plants at different stages of growth.
[000200] Various modifications in the modalities and general principles and characteristics of the system and methods described herein will become immediately evident to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the foregoing description is not to be limited to the apparatus modalities, systems and methods described herein and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, but rather granted for the broadest scope consistent with the appended claims and their equivalents.

权利要求:
Claims (14)
[0001]
1. Liquid application apparatus for applying liquid to a soil adjacent to a pit (38) having a first adjacent side and a second adjacent side during a planting operation, comprising: a row planter unit (200) having a system opening (234) for digging a planting hole (38) in the ground; and at least one adjacent pit liquid distribution system (9000) mounted in said row planter unit (200) and arranged to inject liquid into adjacent soil on at least one side of said planting pit (38); said at least adjacent pit liquid distribution system (9000) comprising: a relief element (9002); a downwardly extending element (9004), wherein said relief element (9002) allows said downwardly extending element (9004) to move in a direction along the direction of travel of said row planter unit (200) ; and a liquid distribution tube (9010) disposed at the rear of said downwardly extending element (9004) relative to the direction of travel of said row planter unit (200), characterized in that: said at least one system pit liquid dispensing device (9000) is mounted on said line unit (200) at the rear of said opening system (234), and said downwardly extending element (9004) comprises a knife (9008) disposed in the direction of path of said planter row unit (200).
[0002]
2. Liquid application apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said relief element (9002) allows said downwardly extended element (9004) to move in a direction transverse to the direction of path of said planter row unit.
[0003]
3. Liquid application apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said relief element (9002) is a spring.
[0004]
4. Liquid application apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said relief element (9002) is a coil spring with a leg (9006) and said downwardly extending element (9004) comprises said one leg (9006).
[0005]
5. Liquid application apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said downwardly extending element (9004) is disposed at an angle from a vertical plane and away from the direction of travel of said unit of row planter.
[0006]
6. Liquid application apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said downwardly extending element (9004) includes an upper portion (9020) and a lower portion (9022) extending at an angle from the said upper portion (9020) away from the direction of travel of said row planter unit (200).
[0007]
7. Liquid application apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said knife (9008) has a convex shape in the direction of the direction of travel of said planter row unit (200).
[0008]
8. The liquid application apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that said knife (9008) and said liquid distribution tube (9010) are arranged together as part of an integral part.
[0009]
Liquid application apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that at least said liquid distribution system in adjacent pit (9000) is mounted on an assembly frame (10000, 11000) fixed to said planter row unit (200) at the rear of said opening system (234).
[0010]
Liquid application apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that said assembly frame (10000, 11000) is fixed directly behind said opening system (234).
[0011]
A liquid application apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that said assembly frame (10000) supports at least one disk (10010) in substantial alignment with said at least one dispensing system. of liquid in adjacent pit (9000), said at least one disc (10010) arranged to pre-cut the ground in front of said at least one liquid distribution system in adjacent pit (9000).
[0012]
12. Liquid application apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one said adjacent pit liquid distribution system (9000) is disposed in said planter row unit (200) at the rear of a closing system (236) of said planter row unit (200).
[0013]
13. Liquid application apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that said at least one adjacent pit liquid distribution system (9000) is arranged in a leveling system of said line unit planter (200).
[0014]
A liquid application apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that said relief element (9000) is a spring and said downwardly extending element (9004) is a portion of said spring, and wherein said knife (9008) has a convex shape in the direction of travel direction of said row planter unit (200).

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法律状态:
2021-07-13| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

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2021-08-24| B350| Update of information on the portal [chapter 15.35 patent gazette]|

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2021-08-31| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 15/06/2016, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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US201562175920P| true| 2015-06-15|2015-06-15|

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US62/175,920|2015-06-15|

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US201562220576P| true| 2015-09-18|2015-09-18|

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US62/220,576|2015-09-18|

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US201662279995P| true| 2016-01-18|2016-01-18|

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US201662280085P| true| 2016-01-18|2016-01-18|

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US62/279,995|2016-01-18|

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US62/280,085|2016-01-18|

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PCT/US2016/037701|WO2016205421A1|2015-06-15|2016-06-15|Systems, methods, and apparatus for agricultural liquid application|

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